Nokea
The nurse provides education to a patient about the symptoms of uncontrolled hypertension. Which symptom would the nurse include? Select all that apply.
- A. Fatigue.
- B. Dizziness.
- C. Palpitations.
- D. Cluster headaches.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Fatigue, dizziness, and palpitations are symptoms of uncontrolled hypertension due to cardiovascular strain and vascular effects; cluster headaches are not directly related.
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The nurse notes that there is a difference in a patient's blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) when the patient changes position from supine to standing. The differences are a decrease of 20 mm Hg in systolic BP, a decrease of 10 mm Hg in diastolic BP, and an increase in the HR of 20 beats/minute. Which interpretation would the nurse make about the patient's condition?
- A. Hypertensive crisis.
- B. An auscultatory gap.
- C. Resistant hypertension.
- D. Enlarged lymph nodes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The described changes suggest an auscultatory gap, a phenomenon during BP measurement that can lead to inaccurate readings, requiring careful technique.
The blood pressure (BP) of a 71-year-old patient admitted with pneumonia is 160/70 mm Hg. Which age-related change contributes to this finding?
- A. Stenosis of the heart valves.
- B. Decreased adrenergic sensitivity.
- C. Increased parasympathetic activity.
- D. Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels due to aging causes increased systolic blood pressure, as seen in the 160/70 mm Hg reading.
Which information would the nurse include when discussing pain due to chronic stable angina with the patient?
- A. Occurs with both activity and rest.
- B. Generally lasts 10-15 minutes or more.
- C. Does not subside when the precipitating factor is resolved.
- D. Occurs intermittently over a period of time in a similar pattern.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic stable angina follows a predictable pattern, occurring intermittently with exertion and subsiding with rest, not typically at rest.
Which rationale supports the nurse's assessment of a patient's magnesium level?
- A. The electrolyte is the most abundant intracellular cation present in the body.
- B. The electrolyte may cause extracellular fluid overload.
- C. Magnesium may affect neuromuscular excitability and contractility.
- D. The patient is at risk for hypotension when the levels of magnesium decrease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Magnesium plays a crucial role in neuromuscular excitability and contractility. Abnormal magnesium levels can lead to neuromuscular symptoms such as muscle weakness, tremors, and spasms, and affect cardiac function.
Which statement is true regarding hemophilia?
- A. Hemophilia is not hereditary in nature.
- B. Hemophilia can be treated by replacement therapy.
- C. Hemophilia is an X-linked dominant genetic disorder.
- D. Hemophilia B is the most common form of hemophilia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder treated by replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates, making option B correct.