Nokea
Which change occurs first, making patients susceptible to coronary artery disease?
- A. Formation of thrombus in the coronary artery.
- B. Formation of fibrous plaque in the endothelium.
- C. Reduction of blood flow through the coronary arteries.
- D. Development of fatty streaks in the smooth muscles of the endothelium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Development of fatty streaks in the endothelium is the initial change in atherosclerosis, predisposing patients to coronary artery disease.
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Which instruction would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient newly diagnosed with microcytic hypochromic anemia?
- A. Take enteric-coated iron with each meal.
- B. Take cobalamin with green, leafy vegetables.
- C. Take the iron with orange juice 1 hour before meals.
- D. Decrease the intake of the antiseizure medications to improve anemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking iron with orange juice 1 hour before meals enhances absorption due to vitamin C, optimal for treating microcytic hypochromic anemia.
A patient who smokes reports chest pain while at rest. Which condition would the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
- A. Silent ischemia.
- B. Angina decubitus.
- C. Prinzmetal angina.
- D. Chronic stable angina.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prinzmetal angina, also known as variant angina, typically occurs at rest due to coronary artery spasms, which aligns with the patient's symptoms of chest pain at rest.
Which role is attributed to the base in the acid-base balance?
- A. Does not interact with acids.
- B. Promotes the excretion of acid.
- C. Activates the system of acid-base balance.
- D. Increases the action of the hydrogen ions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bases, like bicarbonate, promote acid excretion by neutralizing hydrogen ions, aiding in maintaining acid-base balance.
In which type of water would a submersion injury cause the patient's fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli, impairing alveolar ventilation and resulting in hypoxia?
- A. Hypotonic saltwater.
- B. Hypertonic saltwater.
- C. Hypotonic freshwater.
- D. Hypertonic freshwater.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertonic saltwater draws fluid into the alveoli due to its higher solute concentration, impairing ventilation and causing hypoxia.
A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) values include a pH of 7.48, a PaCO2 of 38, and an HCO3- of 30. Around which acid-base imbalance would the nurse plan the patient's care?
- A. Metabolic acidosis.
- B. Metabolic alkalosis.
- C. Respiratory acidosis.
- D. Respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis is indicated by a high pH (7.48) and elevated HCO3- (30 mEq/L), with normal PaCO2, suggesting no respiratory involvement.