Nokea
Which arterial blood gas (ABG) data corresponds with a patient's clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis?
- A. pH = 7.46, PaCO2 = 44 mm Hg, PaO2 = 95 mm Hg, and HCO3 = 36 mEq/L.
- B. pH = 7.27, PaCO2 = 70 mm Hg, PaO2 = 80 mm Hg, and HCO3 = 26 mEq/L.
- C. pH = 7.30, PaCO2 = 35 mm Hg, PaO2 = 70 mm Hg, and HCO3 = 20 mEq/L.
- D. pH = 7.52, PaCO2 = 24 mm Hg, PaO2 = 85 mm Hg, and HCO3 = 24 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (>7.45) and a low PaCO2 (<35 mm Hg). The data in option D (pH = 7.52, PaCO2 = 24 mm Hg) indicates respiratory alkalosis.
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With which term will the nurse document the finding after noting multiple 1-mm red macules when assessing the skin of a patient with leukemia and thrombocytopenia?
- A. Purpura.
- B. Bruising.
- C. Petechiae.
- D. Ecchymosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Petechiae are small, red or purple 1-mm macules due to minor bleeding from broken capillaries, common in thrombocytopenia.
A healthy 70-year-old patient has low hemoglobin levels and no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding. The nurse recognizes which item is an effect of aging that could be the reason for the low hemoglobin level?
- A. Low level of hepcidin.
- B. Increase in iron-binding capacity.
- C. Decrease in intestinal absorption of iron.
- D. Decrease in erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aging often leads to a decrease in the efficiency of nutrient absorption, including iron. This decrease in intestinal absorption of iron can result in low hemoglobin levels in elderly individuals. It's a common cause of anemia in the elderly population.
A patient with thalassemia major who is receiving a blood transfusion shows signs of hemochromatosis. The nurse anticipates a prescription for which medication?
- A. Methotrexate.
- B. Deferoxamine.
- C. Ferrous gluconate.
- D. Iron dextran complex.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deferoxamine is an iron chelating agent used to treat iron overload conditions like hemochromatosis. It binds to excess iron and promotes its excretion from the body, preventing complications such as organ damage.
Which strategy is most important for a nurse to include when planning care for a patient who has neutropenia?
- A. Restricting all visitors.
- B. Placing the patient in a private room.
- C. Advising the patient to use only an electric shaver.
- D. Wearing a gown and gloves when in direct contact with the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Placing the patient in a private room is crucial for a neutropenic patient to minimize exposure to pathogens, reducing infection risk due to their compromised immune system.
The nurse suspects that a patient has polycythemia vera based on which finding in the patient's laboratory reports? Select all that apply.
- A. Increased cobalamin levels.
- B. Decreased histamine levels.
- C. Increased hemoglobin levels.
- D. Increased red blood cell levels.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Increased hemoglobin and red blood cell levels are hallmark features of polycythemia vera, characterized by excessive red blood cell production.