Nokea
The blood's bicarbonate level is controlled by which system(s)?
- A. Respiratory system
- B. Renal system
- C. Buffer system
- D. Respiratory, renal, and buffer systems
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bicarbonate levels are regulated by the respiratory system (CO2 exhalation), renal system (bicarbonate reabsorption/excretion), and buffer systems (chemical buffering).
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The average adult needs to drink how much water each day?
- A. 0.5 L
- B. 1 L
- C. 1.5 to 2 L
- D. 2 to 3 L
- E. 3 to 4 L
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The average adult requires 2 to 3 liters of water daily to maintain proper hydration, depending on activity level and environmental factors.
Which of the following statements is(are) accurate about caring for patients with hypocalcemia?
- A. IV infusion of calcium can cause bradycardia.
- B. Assess for tingling around the mouth or tips of the fingers.
- C. Assess the patient's lungs frequently for crackles and the patient for shortness of breath.
- D. Monitor for muscle twitching and tetany.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Hypocalcemia care involves monitoring for tingling, muscle twitching, tetany, and potential bradycardia from IV calcium administration.
The Institute of Medicine recommends that an average adult needs????.milligrams of potassium per day for optimal health.
- A. 3500
- B. 4000
- C. 3700
- D. 2800
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Institute of Medicine recommends approximately 3500 mg of potassium daily for adults to support optimal health.
ANF is another hormone that affects the body's water level. Which of the following statements regarding ANF are accurate?
- A. ANF's production is signaled when baroreceptors detect abnormally low pressure, meaning that blood volume is too low.
- B. ANF inhibits renin production by the kidneys.
- C. ANF causes sodium to be retained by the kidneys.
- D. The end result of ANF increases water loss through the kidneys.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) inhibits renin production, promoting sodium and water excretion, which increases water loss through the kidneys.
Which of the following accurately describes the effects that ADH has in the body?
- A. It signals the kidneys to increase diuresis, pulling more water from the body to be excreted as urine.
- B. It suppresses urine production, thereby increasing the concentration of the urine.
- C. It directs the kidneys to increase water reabsorption.
- D. It regulates the body's water level independently of solutes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output and concentrating the urine.