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An older adult, or senior, with cardiac disease such as heart failure is at risk for fluid-volume overload. Which of the following interventions might be appropriate?
- A. Provide some coffee or tea as part of daily fluid intake.
- B. Restrict fluids.
- C. Increase salt intake.
- D. Monitor daily weights.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Fluid restriction and monitoring daily weights help manage fluid-volume overload in heart failure patients to prevent worsening of the condition.
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Ionized calcium is needed for which of the following body functions?
- A. Delivery of glucose into the cells
- B. Transmission of electrical impulses along nerve pathways
- C. Normal oxygen saturation
- D. Normal bowel function
- E. Muscle contraction and relaxation
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Ionized calcium is essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction/relaxation.
Your patient is taking a thiazide diuretic routinely and tends to run a low serum K? level even though the physician has prescribed K? supplementation and the patient reports taking it faithfully. Which of the following foods would you recommend the patient add to his diet to assist in maintaining normal K? levels?
- A. Baked potatoes
- B. Whole-grain bread
- C. Bananas
- D. Oranges
- E. Apricots
- F. Halibut
- G. Green beans
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Potassium-rich foods like baked potatoes, bananas, oranges, apricots, and halibut help maintain normal potassium levels.
Which of the following statements is(are) accurate about caring for patients with hypocalcemia?
- A. IV infusion of calcium can cause bradycardia.
- B. Assess for tingling around the mouth or tips of the fingers.
- C. Assess the patient's lungs frequently for crackles and the patient for shortness of breath.
- D. Monitor for muscle twitching and tetany.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Hypocalcemia care involves monitoring for tingling, muscle twitching, tetany, and potential bradycardia from IV calcium administration.
Which of the following accurately describes the effects that ADH has in the body?
- A. It signals the kidneys to increase diuresis, pulling more water from the body to be excreted as urine.
- B. It suppresses urine production, thereby increasing the concentration of the urine.
- C. It directs the kidneys to increase water reabsorption.
- D. It regulates the body's water level independently of solutes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output and concentrating the urine.
Which laboratory results do you need to check for a patient to whom you are giving furosemide, a loop diuretic?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. White blood cell count
- C. Urinalysis
- D. Potassium level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Furosemide can cause potassium loss, so monitoring potassium levels is critical to prevent hypokalemia.