Nokea
The body’s major metabolic hormone is released from the:
- A. Pituitary
- B. Thyroid
- C. Thymus
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroid. The body's major metabolic hormone, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), is released from the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism. Pituitary (A) releases various hormones but not the major metabolic hormone. Thymus (C) is responsible for immune function, not metabolism. Hypothalamus (D) regulates the pituitary gland but does not directly release the major metabolic hormone.
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A nurse is obtaining the drug history of an older client before his diagnostic examination. Which of the following aspects is essential while obtaining the drug history?
- A. Consulting the physician
- B. Consulting a family member or the caregiver to confirm the client's diet history
- C. Consulting the institution's procedure manual
- D. Consulting a family member or the caregiver to confirm drugs the client is taking
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Confirming the drugs a client is taking with family members or caregivers ensures accuracy in the medication history, which is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
A 34-year-old carpenter presents to the emergency room after an accident in which he inadvertently chopped off the tip of his index finger. He is taken to the operating room for reattachment of the digit, and after sedation, a local anesthetic is administered around the site of the injury. The local anesthetic used in the procedure did not contain any epinephrine, as it usually does for most surgical procedures. The reason for this is
- A. Epinephrine causes increased blood loss during delicate surgery
- B. Epinephrine causes swelling of the tissues, making surgery more challenging
- C. Epinephrine is contraindicated in emergency surgery
- D. Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, which can lead to vascular ischemia in digits
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, which can lead to vascular ischemia in digits. In delicate surgeries like finger reattachment, maintaining adequate blood flow is crucial for successful outcomes. Using epinephrine can constrict blood vessels excessively, leading to reduced blood supply and potential tissue damage. This can result in vascular ischemia, compromising the viability of the reattached finger.
Explanation for incorrect choices:
A: Epinephrine actually helps in reducing blood loss by constricting blood vessels.
B: Epinephrine reduces tissue swelling, making surgery easier.
C: Epinephrine is not contraindicated in emergency surgery; it is often used to control bleeding and prolong anesthesia.
Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus?
- A. enzyme
- B. humoral
- C. neural
- D. hormonal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: enzyme. Endocrine glands are stimulated by three main categories: humoral (based on blood levels of certain substances), neural (stimulation by nerves), and hormonal (stimulation by other hormones). Enzymes do not directly stimulate endocrine glands. They are biological catalysts that facilitate biochemical reactions, not a category of stimulus for endocrine glands. Therefore, A is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are valid categories of endocrine gland stimulus based on blood levels, nerves, and hormones respectively.
The actions of gastrin include all but:
- A. insulin secretion in response to a carbohydrate meal
- B. a trophic effect on colonic mucosa
- C. a trophic effect on gastric mucosa
- D. pepsin secretion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because gastrin primarily stimulates gastric acid secretion and gastric mucosal growth but not insulin secretion. Gastrin acts on parietal cells to stimulate acid production and chief cells to release pepsinogen. Choice B and C are incorrect as gastrin does have a trophic effect on colonic and gastric mucosa, respectively. Choice D is also incorrect as gastrin stimulates pepsin secretion.
A patient is scheduled for a bilateral adrenalectomy. During the postoperative period, what should the nurse expect related to the administration of corticosteroids?
- A. Reduced to promote wound healing
- B. Withheld until symptoms of hypocortisolism appear
- C. Increased to promote an adequate response to the stress of surgery
- D. Reduced because excessive hormones are released during surgical manipulation of adrenal glands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corticosteroids are increased postoperatively after bilateral adrenalectomy to prevent adrenal insufficiency and support the body's response to surgical stress.