Nokea
The brain is part of which system?
- A. Integumentary system
- B. Nervous system
- C. Endocrine system
- D. Respiratory system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The brain is a crucial organ that serves as the command center of the body, making it a key component of the nervous system. It processes sensory information, coordinates movements, and regulates various bodily functions. Therefore, the brain is correctly categorized as part of the nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the integumentary system pertains to the skin, the endocrine system involves hormone regulation, and the respiratory system is responsible for breathing. These systems do not encompass the brain's functions or structure.
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If every child in a certain family suffers from autism, what possible conclusion can be drawn about autism?
- A. Autism may be lethal.
- B. Autism may be genetic.
- C. Autism is related to traditional nuclear family structures.
- D. No conclusion can be drawn based on this evidence.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The possible conclusion that can be drawn from every child in a certain family suffering from autism is that autism may be genetic. The fact that every child in the family has autism suggests a strong genetic influence on the condition within this particular family. This does not necessarily mean that autism is solely genetic in all cases, but in this specific family, the pattern of all children being affected points towards a genetic connection. Choice A is incorrect as the information provided does not suggest that autism is lethal. Choice C is incorrect as there is no evidence to support a relationship between autism and traditional nuclear family structures. Choice D is incorrect because a conclusion can be drawn from the given evidence, indicating a potential genetic link within this specific family.
Which structure of the nervous system carries an action potential in the direction of a synapse?
- A. Cell body
- B. Axon
- C. Neuron
- D. Myelin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the axon. The axon is the elongated, threadlike part of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells, such as muscles or glands, in the direction of a synapse. Action potentials travel along the axon as electrical signals to communicate with neighboring cells. The cell body (choice A) contains the nucleus and organelles but does not transmit action potentials. Neuron (choice C) is a broad term that includes the entire nerve cell, not a specific structure. Myelin (choice D) is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates axons, aiding in the conduction of nerve impulses, but it does not directly carry the action potential towards a synapse.
How many chromosomes must a normal human sperm cell contain?
- A. An X chromosome.
- B. A Y chromosome.
- C. 23 chromosomes.
- D. Both an X and Y chromosome.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A normal human sperm cell contains a total of 23 chromosomes, half the number found in a typical human cell which has 46 chromosomes. This includes 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome, which can be either an X or a Y chromosome. Therefore, the correct answer is that a normal human sperm cell must contain 23 chromosomes. Choices A and B are incorrect because a single sex chromosome alone does not represent the total number of chromosomes in a sperm cell. Choice D is incorrect because a sperm cell carries only one sex chromosome, either X or Y, not both.
Examine the following decomposition reaction: ABC → ______. Which of the following is a possible set of products for this reaction?
- A. 2AB + C
- B. AB + CD
- C. A + BC
- D. B + C
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a decomposition reaction, a single reactant breaks down into two or more products. For the decomposition of ABC, a plausible set of products is A + BC. This reaction represents the breakdown of ABC into two separate components: A and BC. The correct choice C aligns with the fundamental concept of decomposition reactions, where a compound disintegrates into simpler substances. Choices A, B, and D do not reflect a proper decomposition reaction as they do not demonstrate the breakdown of the original compound into distinct components.
Which of the following nutrients is correctly matched with its foundational components?
- A. Carbohydrates are formed when glucose molecules bond together.
- B. Lipids consist of fatty acids and glycerol.
- C. Nucleic acids consist of nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups.
- D. Proteins consist of strings of amino acids.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proteins consist of strings of amino acids. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins, and they are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein structure. This is a correct match between the nutrient (proteins) and its foundational components (amino acids). Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately match the foundational components of the respective nutrients. Carbohydrates are not formed by glucose molecules bonding together; they are made up of sugar molecules. Lipids consist of fatty acids and glycerol, but they are not nutrients typically associated with bonding for formation. Nucleic acids do consist of nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups, but they are not the correct match for the question.