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The Canadian Red Cross advises individuals to be self-sufficient in case of an emergency and this includes being able to provide for one's needs for approximately how many hours?
- A. 12 hours
- B. 24 hours
- C. 48 hours
- D. 72 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This level of individual preparation requires stockpiling items that would be needed to be self-sufficient for a period of at least 72 hours. The other choices, 12, 24, and 48 hours, are below the time suggested by the Canadian Red Cross.
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Which of the following statements is true in relation to a disaster, whether natural or manmade?
- A. Negatively affects society on many levels.
- B. Requires a rapid and skilled response to action.
- C. Is managed by a community's existing resources.
- D. Requires urgent intervention to avoid worsening of the situation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A disaster is the outcome of a natural event (e.g., hurricane, flood, snowstorm) or a result of human action or error, whether malicious (e.g., terrorist attacks, use of biological warfare) or unintentional (e.g., an accidental chemical spill), that negatively affects society, the environment, or both. It is an emergency, not a disaster, that may be described as an event that requires a rapid and skilled response to protect the health, safety, and wellness of individuals and to limit damage to property. Emergency situations are typically able to be quickly managed without requiring the support and resources of other communities.
A nurse is conducting emergency preparedness education in the community. Which of the following amounts of drinking water should the nurse indicate to the group is required per day for a family of 4?
- A. 8 L
- B. 12 L
- C. 24 L
- D. 32 L
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At least 2 L/day per person of drinking water is required, so for 72 hours, a family of four should have 24 L (2 L x 4 people x 3 days = 24 L).
These four clients arrive in the emergency department after a motor vehicle crash. In which order should they be assessed?
- A. A 72-year-old with palpitations and chest pain
- B. A 45-year-old complaining of 6/10 abdominal pain
- C. A 22-year-old with multiple fractures of the face and jaw
- D. A 30-year-old with a misaligned right leg with intact pulses
Correct Answer: C,A,B,D
Rationale: The highest priority is to assess the 22-year-old client for airway obstruction, which is the most life-threatening injury. The 72-year-old client may have chest pain from cardiac ischemia and should be assessed and have diagnostic testing for this pain. The 45-year-old client may have abdominal trauma or bleeding and should be seen next to assess circulatory status. The 30-year-old appears to have a possible fracture of the right leg and should be seen soon, but this client has the least life-threatening injury.
A client arrives in the emergency department after exposure to radioactive dust. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Place the client in a shower.
- B. Obtain the client's vital signs
- C. Determine the type of radioactive agent.
- D. Obtain a baseline complete blood count.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The initial action should be to protect staff members and decrease the client's exposure to the radioactive agent by decontamination. The other actions can be done after the decontamination is completed.
When planning the response to the potential use of smallpox as an agent of terrorism, the emergency department (ED) nurse-manager will plan to obtain sufficient quantities of which of the following supplies?
- A. Blood
- B. Vaccine
- C. Atropine
- D. Antibiotics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smallpox infection can be prevented or ameliorated by the administration of vaccine given rapidly after exposure. The other interventions would be helpful for other agents of terrorism but not for smallpox.