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The nurse is teaching student nurses about different types of disasters and refers to a mass casualty incident. How should the nurse educator refer to this type of disaster?
- A. Internal
- B. Peripheral
- C. External
- D. Combined internal and external
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Examples of external disasters include mass casualty incidents that precipitate the arrival of large numbers of trauma clients or the presentation of victims from a hazardous material incident called a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear event.
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Which of the following government agencies is responsible for providing safe drinking water and supportive medical services during a national disaster?
- A. Health Canada
- B. Public Safety Canada
- C. Department of National Defence
- D. Canadian Red Cross
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Department of National Defence administers the Disaster Assistance Response Team, which provides safe drinking water and supportive medical services following a disaster.
A health care team is testing its acute care centre emergency plan. This test occurs during which of the following phases of emergency management?
- A. Response
- B. Recovery
- C. Mitigation
- D. Preparedness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Emergency exercises are conducted in the preparedness phase, to promote staff preparation, evaluate the organization's level of preparedness, and assist in training staff in emergency management roles.
The nurse is assessing a client in the emergency department and identifies the following: hemoptysis, cough, temperature of 40°C (104°F), and a history of recent travel to an area with a high risk for tuberculosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Administer supplemental oxygen.
- B. Place the client in an airborne isolation room.
- C. Obtain a sputum culture.
- D. Administer antipyretic medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms and travel history suggest possible tuberculosis, which is highly infectious. Placing the client in an airborne isolation room is the priority to prevent transmission to others. Administering oxygen, obtaining a sputum culture, and giving antipyretics are important but secondary to infection control.
When planning the response to the potential use of smallpox as an agent of terrorism, the emergency department (ED) nurse-manager will plan to obtain sufficient quantities of which of the following supplies?
- A. Blood
- B. Vaccine
- C. Atropine
- D. Antibiotics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smallpox infection can be prevented or ameliorated by the administration of vaccine given rapidly after exposure. The other interventions would be helpful for other agents of terrorism but not for smallpox.
A client arrives in the emergency department after exposure to radioactive dust. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Place the client in a shower.
- B. Obtain the client's vital signs
- C. Determine the type of radioactive agent.
- D. Obtain a baseline complete blood count.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The initial action should be to protect staff members and decrease the client's exposure to the radioactive agent by decontamination. The other actions can be done after the decontamination is completed.