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The nurse is triaging a client who arrives in the emergency department after a disaster with massive head trauma. Using the START system, which of the following colours should the nurse use to tag this client?
- A. Green
- B. Yellow
- C. Red
- D. Black
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A client with massive head trauma would be tagged black using the START system, because the client is unlikely to survive due to the severity of the injury.
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The nurse is triaging a client with an open fracture who arrives at the emergency department as one of several clients from a mass casualty incident. Using the START system, which of the following colours should the nurse use to code this client?
- A. Green
- B. Yellow
- C. Red
- D. Black
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A client with an open fracture would be tagged yellow using the START system, indicating a serious but not immediately life-threatening condition.
The nurse is teaching student nurses about different types of disasters and refers to a mass casualty incident. How should the nurse educator refer to this type of disaster?
- A. Internal
- B. Peripheral
- C. External
- D. Combined internal and external
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Examples of external disasters include mass casualty incidents that precipitate the arrival of large numbers of trauma clients or the presentation of victims from a hazardous material incident called a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear event.
A nurse is conducting emergency preparedness education in the community. Which of the following amounts of drinking water should the nurse indicate to the group is required per day for a family of 4?
- A. 8 L
- B. 12 L
- C. 24 L
- D. 32 L
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At least 2 L/day per person of drinking water is required, so for 72 hours, a family of four should have 24 L (2 L x 4 people x 3 days = 24 L).
The nurse in the emergency department is involved in triaging clients during a mass casualty incident. During this situation, which of the following is the triage time frame?
- A. 15 seconds
- B. 30 seconds
- C. 1 minute
- D. 2 minutes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disaster triage in the hospital setting must be rapid and conducted in less than 15 seconds. After this rapid assessment, clients with higher levels of acuity are directed to a treatment location in the emergency department.
Which of the following types of disaster management approaches would be used when dealing with a hurricane in southern Alberta?
- A. All hazards
- B. Unique hazard
- C. Agent specific
- D. Caused event
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In an agent-specific approach, planning efforts are directed at those threats most likely to take place within a single geographical location (e.g., earthquakes in California). Since hurricanes are rare in southern Alberta, an agent-specific approach would focus on this specific threat.