Nokea
The causative agent of plague is:
- A. Bordetella pertussis
- B. Yersinia pestis
- C. Rickettsia prowazekii
- D. Treponema pallidum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Yersinia pestis. Y. pestis is the causative agent of plague, a serious infectious disease transmitted through fleas. It causes bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plague. Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, Rickettsia prowazekii causes epidemic typhus, and Treponema pallidum causes syphilis. Y. pestis is the correct answer because it is specifically associated with plague, making the other options incorrect.
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A patient consulted a doctor about bowels disfunction. The doctor established symptoms of duodenitis and enteritis. Laboratory examination helped to make the following diagnosis: lambliosis. What medication should be administered?
- A. Metronidazole
- B. Erythromycin
- C. Monomycin
- D. Chingamin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating lambliosis due to its effectiveness against Giardia lamblia, the parasite causing the infection. Metronidazole works by disrupting the DNA structure of the parasite, leading to its death. Erythromycin (choice B) is not effective against Giardia lamblia. Monomycin (choice C) and Chingamin (choice D) are not commonly used for treating lambliosis. Therefore, choice A, Metronidazole, is the correct medication for this patient.
Which of the following microorganisms can cause skin infections?
- A. Candida albicans
- B. All are correct
- C. Staphylococcus aureus
- D. Streptococcus pyogenes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: All are correct. Candida albicans can cause skin infections such as candidiasis. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are common bacteria that can also cause skin infections. Therefore, choice B is correct as all three microorganisms listed can cause skin infections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because individually, each of the microorganisms listed can cause skin infections.
Erysipelas is a bacterial infection characterised by well-defined areas of bright-red, inflamed and rough or leathery skin. Which one is the causative agent:
- A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- B. Staphylococcus aureus
- C. Streptococcus pyogenes
- D. Candida albicans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for Choice C (Streptococcus pyogenes) being the correct answer:
1. Erysipelas is a skin infection characterized by well-defined red, inflamed skin areas.
2. Streptococcus pyogenes is a common causative agent of erysipelas.
3. This bacterium produces enzymes that break down skin proteins, leading to the characteristic symptoms of erysipelas.
4. Streptococcus pyogenes is known for causing skin infections, including erysipelas.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Typically causes opportunistic infections, but not commonly associated with erysipelas.
B. Staphylococcus aureus: Can cause skin infections, but not typically associated with erysipelas.
D. Candida albicans: Fungal infection, not a bacterium, and not known to cause erysipelas.
Which of the following transport mechanisms transports water across the plasma membrane?
- A. osmosis
- B. facilitated diffusion
- C. phagocytosis
- D. exocytosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osmosis is the correct answer because it is the process by which water molecules move across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement occurs passively, driven by the concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion (B) involves the transport of specific molecules with the help of carrier proteins, not water. Phagocytosis (C) is a process where cells engulf solid particles, not water molecules. Exocytosis (D) is the process of releasing substances from a cell by fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane, not the transport of water across the membrane.
For family Rhabdoviridae is true that:
- A. They are enveloped viruses
- B. They cause plague
- C. They have spherical shape
- D. They infect only humans
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: They are enveloped viruses. Rhabdoviridae family consists of enveloped viruses, which means they have a lipid envelope surrounding their protein coat. This envelope helps the virus in infecting host cells and evading the immune system. The other choices are incorrect because B: They cause plague is not true as Rhabdoviridae family typically causes diseases like rabies in mammals. C: They have spherical shape is incorrect as rhabdoviruses have a bullet-shaped structure. D: They infect only humans is also incorrect as Rhabdoviridae viruses can infect a wide range of hosts beyond just humans.