Nokea
The causative organisms for endocarditis in pediatric patients are
- A. enterococci
- B. group B streptococci
- C. viridans-type streptococci
- D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Viridans streptococci are the most common cause of endocarditis in pediatric patients.
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To reduce the risk for pulmonary complications for a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), what interventions should the nurse implement?
- A. Initiate passive range of motion exercises
- B. Establish a regular bladder routine
- C. Teach the client breathing exercises
- D. Perform chest physiotherapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Breathing exercises, chest physiotherapy, and use of an incentive spirometer can help reduce the risk of pulmonary complications in ALS by improving lung function.
All are true about TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion), except
- A. Normal TAPSE is >17 mm
- B. Reliable measure of RV systolic function
- C. Can be measured using either M-mode or 2D echo
- D. TAPSE is measured at septal aspect of tricuspid annulus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TAPSE is measured at the lateral aspect of the tricuspid annulus, not the septal aspect.
Concerning SLE:
- A. Antibodies against double standard RNA are a typical finding
- B. Haematoxylin bodies occur in areas of inflammation
- C. Usually progresses to renal failure within two years
- D. Alopecia is a recognised finding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alopecia is a recognized clinical feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often associated with disease activity.
Regarding mitral valve prolapse, all the following are true EXCEPT
- A. it is predominantly in girls
- B. it is usually sporadic
- C. the dominant abnormal signs are auscultatory
- D. antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended during surgery and dental procedures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer universally recommended for mitral valve prolapse.
When planning care for a 8-year-old boy with Down syndrome, the nurse should:
- A. Plan interventions according to the developmental level of a 7-year-old child because that’s the child’s age
- B. Plan interventions according to the developmental levels of a 5-year-old because the child will have developmental delays
- C. Assess the child’s current developmental level and plan care accordingly
- D. Direct all teaching to the parents because the child can’t understand
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Care should be individualized based on the child’s current developmental level, not just their chronological age or assumptions about delays.