Nokea
The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are specialised to absorb compounds back into the circulatory system. In what way?
- A. They have foot processes which wrap around the blood vessels
- B. They have pores to allow compounds through
- C. They have microvilli to increase surface area
- D. They have cilia to help the filtrate move through the tube
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microvilli increase the surface area for reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule.
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Concerning Circumvallate papilla the following is true EXCEPT:
- A. Most numerous type of the lingual papillae.
- B. Its sides carry about 250 taste buds.
- C. Has underlying Von Ebner's glands.
- D. Surrounded by circular groove.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Circumvallate papillae are the least numerous (about 8-12 in humans), not the most numerous, and they carry many taste buds with Von Ebner's glands.
Which type of fat can cause heart disease if consumed in high quantities?
- A. carbohydrates
- B. saturated
- C. calories
- D. unsaturated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Saturated fats, when consumed excessively, can increase cholesterol levels, leading to heart disease.
What provides the luminal surface of the intestinal wall its characteristics?
- A. Smooth and slippery due to peritoneum
- B. Smooth and slippery due to mucus from epithelial cells
- C. Rough due to villi
- D. Dry due to serosa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The luminal surface is smooth and slippery due to mucus secreted by goblet cells in the mucosa, not the peritoneum, which is external.
Which of the following vitamins helps in the maturation of red blood cells?
- A. Vitamin D.
- B. Vitamin A.
- C. Vitamin B12.
- D. Vitamin B.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is essential for the maturation of red blood cells and DNA synthesis.
(Auerbach's) plexus found in:
- A. Muscularis externa
- B. Submucosa
- C. Mucosa
- D. Serosa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Auerbach's plexus is located between the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa, controlling gut motility.