Nokea
The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule contain a lot of mitochondria. Why?
- A. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the passive transport of compounds across the membrane
- B. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the diffusion of compounds across the membrane
- C. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the pumping of compounds through the tubules
- D. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the active transport of compounds across the membrane
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mitochondria provide ATP for active transport of nutrients like glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule.
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Amino acids are absorbed in-
- A. Blood capillaries of villi
- B. Wall of rectum
- C. Lacteals and blood capillaries of villi
- D. Lacteals of villi
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amino acids are absorbed into the blood capillaries of the villi in the small intestine.
Which motor activity is primarily responsible for mixing and churning food in the small intestine to enhance digestion and absorption?
- A. Peristalsis
- B. Segmentation
- C. Migrating motor complex
- D. Gastric emptying
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Segmentation mixes chyme with digestive enzymes and increases mucosal contact for absorption in the small intestine.
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins in the........... whereas chemical digestion of proteins begins in the...........
- A. Oral cavity; duodenum
- B. Stomach; oral cavity
- C. Stomach; duodenum
- D. Oral cavity; Stomach
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carbohydrate digestion starts in the oral cavity with salivary amylase, while protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin.
Which of the following is a common passage in swallowing food and breathing-
- A. Pharynx
- B. Larynx
- C. Glottis
- D. Gullet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pharynx serves as a common pathway for both food (to the esophagus) and air (to the larynx).
The products of digested food are present in the ileum. Which substances enter a blood capillary and a lacteal in a villus?
- A. blood capillary: amino acids and glucose, lacteal: fatty acids and glycerol
- B. blood capillary: amino acids and glycerol, lacteal: fatty acids and glucose
- C. blood capillary: fatty acids and glucose, lacteal: amino acids and glycerol
- D. blood capillary: fatty acids and glycerol, lacteal: amino acids and glucose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amino acids and glucose enter the blood capillaries, while fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into the lacteals.