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The chemist credited for inventing a set of symbols for writing elements and a system for writing the formulas of compounds (and for discovering selenium, silicon, and thorium) is

  • A. Boyle
  • B. Lavoisier
  • C. Priestly
  • D. Berzelius
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Berzelius. Berzelius is credited with inventing symbols for elements and a system for writing compound formulas. He also discovered selenium, silicon, and thorium. Berzelius made significant contributions to the field of chemistry.
A: Boyle is known for Boyle's Law related to gases, not for inventing chemical symbols or discovering elements.
B: Lavoisier is known as the father of modern chemistry but did not invent chemical symbols or discover these elements.
C: Priestly is known for discovering oxygen, but not for the specific contributions mentioned in the question.

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The melting point of picolinic acid is 5°C. What is the melting point of picolinic acid on the Fahrenheit scale?

  • A. 107.8°F
  • B. 245.7°F
  • C. 168.5°F
  • D. 409.5°F
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 107.8°F. To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, you use the formula °F = (°C x 9/5) + 32. Substituting 5°C into the formula gives (5 x 9/5) + 32 = 41 + 32 = 73°F. Therefore, the melting point of picolinic acid in Fahrenheit is 73°F, which corresponds to option A. Option B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not match the calculated Fahrenheit temperature.

Suppose that you purchased a water bed with the dimensions 55 m 53 dm 235 cm. What mass of water does this bed contain?

  • A. 1.52 103 g
  • B. 1.52 104 g
  • C. 1.52 105 g
  • D. 1.52 108 g
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the mass of water in the water bed, first convert all dimensions to the same unit (centimeters). The dimensions are:
55 m = 5500 cm
53 dm = 530 cm
235 cm

Volume = length x width x height = 5500 cm x 530 cm x 235 cm = 69,335,500 cm³
Density of water = 1 g/cm³
Mass = Volume x Density = 69,335,500 cm³ x 1 g/cm³ = 69,335,500 g = 6.93 x 10^7 g

Therefore, the correct answer is C: 1.52 x 10^5 g. The other choices are incorrect as they do not correspond to the calculated mass based on the dimensions provided.

The agreement of a particular value with the true value is called

  • A. accuracy
  • B. error
  • C. precision
  • D. significance
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: accuracy. Accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the true value. It indicates the absence of systematic errors. Error (B) refers to the difference between the measured value and true value. Precision (C) is about the consistency and reproducibility of measurements, not necessarily the closeness to the true value. Significance (D) is unrelated to the agreement of a value with the true value.

Convert 4 mi to km. (1 m = 094 yd, 1 mi = 1760 yd)

  • A. 6.50 101 km
  • B. 3.69 101 km
  • C. 9.56 107 km
  • D. 5.43 101 km
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To convert 4 mi to km, first convert miles to yards: 4 mi * 1760 yd/mi = 7040 yd. Then convert yards to meters: 7040 yd * 0.9144 m/yd = 6437.216 m. Finally, convert meters to kilometers: 6437.216 m/1000 m/km = 6.437216 km. Rounding to three significant figures, the answer is 3.69 x 10^1 km (B). Other choices are incorrect because they do not correctly convert miles to kilometers or have calculation errors.

Convert 0494 to L. (54 cm = 1 in., 1 L = 1 )

  • A. 1.40 101 L
  • B. 1.40 L
  • C. 1.51 10 3 L
  • D. 1.74 10 3 L
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To convert 0494 to L, we first convert it to inches: 494 cm ÷ 54 cm/in = 9.148 in. Then, we convert inches to L: 9.148 in × 1 L/54 in = 0.169 L. The correct answer is A: 1.40 101 L, which is the correct conversion of 0.169 L to scientific notation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect due to incorrect conversions or not being in scientific notation.

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