The child's ability to understand abstract logic develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abstract logic, like hypothetical reasoning, develops in the formal operational stage (Piaget).
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What is the term that is used to describe a healthcare related incident or accident that may have possibly led to client harm?
- A. An adverse event
- B. A root cause
- C. A healthcare acquired event
- D. A sentinel event
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sentinel events are unexpected occurrences involving risk of serious harm.
This theorist supported the theory of moral reasoning. The theory of moral reasoning demonstrates how a person justifies right or wrong.
- A. Freud
- B. Erikson
- C. Kohlberg
- D. Peters
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kohlberg believed there are three levels for determining moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
Parents of a teenager recently diagnosed with serious mental illness express dismay. One parent says, Our child acts so strangely that we dont invite friends to our home. We quit taking vacations. Sometimes we dont get any sleep. Which nursing diagnosis best applies?
- A. Impaired parenting
- B. Dysfunctional grieving
- C. Impaired social interaction
- D. Interrupted family processes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interrupted family processes are evident in the face of disruptions in family functioning as a result of having a mentally ill member. Assessment data best support this diagnosis. Data are insufficient to support the other diagnoses.
The nurse is managing the care of a client who recently lost his job and is diagnosed with mild situational depression. During the assessment interview, the client volunteered that he stopped attending school in the 8th grade. The nurse is satisfied that a client's lack of formal education has not become a risk factor to his mental health when he:
- A. Asks the nurse to provide him with materials on depression to read.
- B. Reflects on his problem and formulates a realistic plan to find another job.
- C. Signs a safety contract that states he will notify staff of any suicidal ideations he develops.
- D. Promises to attend his group sessions and take his prescribed antidepressant medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Reflecting on his problem and formulating a realistic plan to find another job shows the client's ability to cope and problem-solve, indicating resilience.
2. This demonstrates that the client is actively engaging in positive behaviors to address his situation, which is crucial in managing situational depression.
3. By formulating a plan, the client shows motivation and initiative, which are essential in overcoming challenges.
4. Options A, C, and D do not directly address the client's situation of job loss and his need to find employment, making them less relevant in this context.
The nurse notes that a patient with AIDS is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). For which opportunistic infection should the nurse realize that is this medication indicated?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. Cytomegalovirus retinitis
- C. Mycobacterium avium complex
- D. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, a common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. This medication combination is effective in preventing this specific infection due to its spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Pneumocystis jiroveci. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is not primarily indicated for tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, or Mycobacterium avium complex.