The child's ability to understand spatial reasoning develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spatial reasoning, like conservation of space, develops in the concrete operational stage (Piaget).
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The experience of feeling competent to cope with the basic challenges in life and of being worthy of happiness is
- A. Arrogance
- B. Self-efficacy
- C. Self-esteem
- D. Wishful thinking
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Self-esteem reflects competence and worthiness (Rosenberg).
The nurse assists the physician with electroconvulsive therapy on his client who has refused to give consent. With which of the following legal actions might the nurse be charged because of this nursing action?
- A. Assault
- B. Battery
- C. False imprisonment
- D. Breach of confidentiality
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Performing electroconvulsive therapy without the client's consent constitutes unauthorized physical contact, which is legally defined as battery, aligning with option b.
he Montessori approach believes that materials should be
- A. Teacher-provided
- B. Child-selected
- C. Standardized
- D. Simple
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Montessori materials are child-selected, encouraging autonomy in learning.
he theorist who believes that human behavior is influenced by reinforcement is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. B.F. Skinner
- D. Albert Bandura
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning uses reinforcement to shape behavior.
Learning theory proposed by
- A. John B. Watson
- B. Albert Bandura
- C. Ivan Pavlov
- D. B.F. Skinner
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bandura proposed social learning theory, emphasizing observation.
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