Nokea
The client asks the nurse, 'My doctor just told me that atherosclerosis is why my legs hurt when I walk. What does that mean?' Which response by the nurse would be the best response?
- A. The muscle fibers and endothelial lining of your arteries have become thickened.'
- B. The next time you see your HCP, ask what atherosclerosis means.'
- C. The valves in the veins of your legs are incompetent so your legs hurt.'
- D. You have a hardening of your arteries that decreases the oxygen to your legs.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atherosclerosis causes arterial hardening, reducing leg oxygen (D), a clear explanation for claudication. Thickening (A) is technical, deferring (B) avoids teaching, and venous valves (C) are unrelated.
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The nurse is assessing a client with pericarditis. Which finding is most characteristic?
- A. Chest pain relieved by leaning forward
- B. Swelling in the ankles
- C. Fever above 103°F
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pericarditis causes chest pain that is typically relieved by leaning forward, reducing pressure on the inflamed pericardium.
The nurse is teaching a client with endocarditis about preventing recurrence. Which statement is most important?
- A. You need antibiotics before dental procedures.
- B. You should avoid all vaccinations.
- C. You can stop antibiotics if you feel better.
- D. You should limit fluid intake.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures prevent bacterial seeding of heart valves.
The client with a prosthetic valve asks why they need antibiotics before dental procedures. What is the best response?
- A. To prevent infection of the valve.
- B. To reduce bleeding during the procedure.
- C. To prevent pain during the procedure.
- D. To improve healing after the procedure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antibiotics prevent bacterial endocarditis by reducing the risk of valve infection during dental procedures.
Which assessment finding in a client with heart failure indicates pulmonary edema?
- A. Crackles in the lung bases
- B. Dry, nonproductive cough
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Warm, dry skin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crackles in the lung bases indicate fluid in the alveoli, a hallmark of pulmonary edema.
Which instruction should the nurse discuss with the client diagnosed with Raynaud's phenomenon?
- A. Explain exacerbations will not occur in the summer.
- B. Use nicotine gum to help quit smoking.
- C. Wear extra-warm clothing during cold exposure.
- D. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cold triggers Raynaud’s; wearing warm clothing (C) prevents vasospasm. Exacerbations occur in summer (A), nicotine gum (B) still delivers nicotine (harmful), and sunlight (D) is irrelevant.