Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks

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The client being admitted to the oncology unit conveys his wishes regarding resuscitation in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest. The nurse advises the client that it would be in his best interest to obtain which document?

  • A. will
  • B. Proof of health care power of attorney
  • C. living wil l
  • D. proxy directive
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A living will is a legal document that outlines a person's preferences and wishes regarding medical treatment, including resuscitation, in the event they become unable to communicate or make decisions. In this scenario, the client being admitted to the oncology unit wants to convey his wishes regarding resuscitation in case of cardiopulmonary arrest. A living will helps ensure that these wishes are known and respected by healthcare providers and loved ones. While a will addresses how a person's assets should be distributed after death and a health care power of attorney designates someone to make medical decisions on the person's behalf, a living will specifically focuses on healthcare preferences and treatment decisions. A proxy directive is similar to a health care power of attorney, designating someone to make healthcare decisions for the person if they are unable to do so themselves.

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A patient with a history of chronic liver disease presents with bruising, petechiae, and mucosal bleeding. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with decreased platelet count. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?

  • A. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
  • B. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
  • C. Hemophilia A
  • D. Von Willebrand disease
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition characterized by widespread activation of coagulation leading to both thrombosis and hemorrhage. In patients with chronic liver disease, especially in the setting of advanced cirrhosis, DIC can develop due to factors such as decreased synthesis of coagulation factors and impaired clearance of activated clotting factors. The patient in this scenario presents with signs of both abnormal bleeding (bruising, petechiae, mucosal bleeding) and laboratory findings consistent with DIC, including prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) along with decreased platelet count.

Demography is concerned with the study of population. Which of the following are included in demographic profile?

  • A. Size, composition, health status, and environment.
  • B. Change in population, distribution, and health status
  • C. Size, distribution, composition, and change in population.
  • D. Size, distribution, and composition.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The demographic profile of a population encompasses various aspects, including size, distribution, composition, and change over time.

A postpartum client presents with persistent, severe headache, photophobia, and altered mental status. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

  • A. Encouraging the client to rest in a dark, quiet room
  • B. Providing acetaminophen for headache relief
  • C. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
  • D. Offering a massage to relieve muscle tension
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing action when a postpartum client presents with persistent, severe headache, photophobia, and altered mental status is to notify the healthcare provider immediately. These symptoms could be indicative of serious conditions such as postpartum preeclampsia or postpartum eclampsia, both of which require prompt medical evaluation and intervention. Delaying medical attention in such cases can lead to severe complications for the mother. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the client's safety and well-being by quickly involving the healthcare provider for further assessment and management.

Which assessment findings is INDICATIVE of the diagnosis of hypertension?

  • A. Family members with high blood pressure
  • B. Elevation of blood cholesterol level
  • C. Stressful work environment
  • D. Consistent evaluation of blood pressure
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The assessment finding that is indicative of the diagnosis of hypertension is consistent evaluation of blood pressure. Hypertension is diagnosed based on repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Consistently high blood pressure readings, usually defined as systolic blood pressure consistently at or above 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure consistently at or above 90 mmHg, are a key factor in diagnosing hypertension. Family history of high blood pressure (Choice A), elevation of blood cholesterol level (Choice B), and a stressful work environment (Choice C) may be risk factors for hypertension but are not diagnostic criteria. In order to diagnose hypertension, healthcare providers rely on consistent measurement and evaluation of blood pressure over time.

A patient presents with watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water from a stream during a camping trip. Laboratory tests reveal oocysts in the stool sample. Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for this infection?

  • A. Giardia lamblia
  • B. Entamoeba histolytica
  • C. Cryptosporidium parvum
  • D. Cyclospora cayetanensis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that commonly causes waterborne illness characterized by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea. This parasite is often transmitted through contaminated water sources such as streams or lakes. Laboratory tests identifying oocysts in the stool sample are indicative of Cryptosporidium infection. Giardia lamblia can also cause similar symptoms, but the presence of oocysts points more towards Cryptosporidium in this case. Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic dysentery with bloody diarrhea and is usually associated with fecal-oral transmission through contaminated food or water. Cyclospora cayetanensis typically causes prolonged watery diarrhea and is associated with the ingestion of contaminated food or water.

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