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Which of the following is caused by the markedly distended uterus and intermittent uterine contractions within 2 to 3 days after birth?
- A. Retained placenta
- B. Uterine atony
- C. Afterpains
- D. Boggy uterus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Uterine atony is caused by the markedly distended uterus and intermittent uterine contractions within 2 to 3 days after birth. It is characterized by the inability of the uterus to contract after delivery, leading to excessive bleeding postpartum. This condition is a significant risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. Treatment may involve massage of the uterus, administration of uterotonics, and in severe cases, surgical interventions such as a hysterectomy. Retained placenta refers to incomplete expulsion of the placenta after delivery. Afterpains are the discomfort felt by some women as their uterus contracts and returns to its normal size after childbirth. A boggy uterus is another term for a uterus that feels soft, lax, or lack firm tone, which can be a sign of uterine atony.
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A patient presents with gross hematuria, flank pain, and a palpable abdominal mass. Imaging reveals a large heterogeneous renal mass with areas of necrosis and calcifications. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
- A. Renal cell carcinoma
- B. Renal cyst
- C. Renal abscess
- D. Renal angiomyolipoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of gross hematuria, flank pain, palpable abdominal mass, along with imaging findings of a large heterogeneous renal mass with necrosis and calcifications are highly suggestive of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. The presence of necrosis and calcifications are characteristic features of RCC. Imaging modalities such as CT scans or MRI can confirm the diagnosis by showing the typical features of RCC, including a solid mass with areas of necrosis and calcifications. It is important to further evaluate this patient, likely with a biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the disease for appropriate management.
The professional conduct. of doctors, nurses and other health care providers in the health facilities belong to which of the following quality standards?
- A. Improving performance
- B. Patient care standards
- C. Organizationa l ethics
- D. Leadership and management
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The professional conduct of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare providers in health facilities primarily aligns with patient care standards. This quality standard ensures that healthcare professionals prioritize the well-being, safety, and comfort of the patients they serve. Patient care standards encompass various aspects of healthcare delivery, including effective communication, compassionate treatment, adherence to medical protocols, and respect for patient rights and confidentiality. By upholding patient care standards, healthcare providers demonstrate their commitment to delivering quality care and maintaining the trust and confidence of their patients.
There are five criteria in prioritizing community health problems. If Nurse Maris is estimating the proportion of the population affected by the problem, she is using what criterion in prrioritization?
- A. Social concern
- B. Nature of the problem
- C. Magnitude of the problem
- D. Modifiability of the problem
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When Nurse Maris is estimating the proportion of the population affected by the problem, she is assessing the magnitude of the problem. The magnitude criterion involves determining the extent of the issue within the community, such as the number of individuals affected or at risk. By understanding the magnitude of a health problem, nurses can better prioritize their efforts to address the most pressing issues that affect a large portion of the population. This criterion helps in identifying which health problems have the highest impact and require immediate attention in order to improve community health outcomes.
A patient with a history of coronary artery disease is scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Which preoperative nursing intervention is essential for preparing the patient for surgery?
- A. Administering aspirin to prevent thrombosis
- B. Providing education about postoperative pain management
- C. Assisting the patient with deep breathing and coughing exercises
- D. Obtaining informed consent for the surgical procedure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preoperative nursing intervention that is essential for preparing a patient with a history of coronary artery disease for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is assisting the patient with deep breathing and coughing exercises. These exercises are crucial to prevent postoperative complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia, which are common risks after surgery. Deep breathing exercises help to expand the lungs and improve ventilation, while coughing exercises help to clear secretions and prevent respiratory complications. By assisting the patient with these exercises preoperatively, the nurse can help optimize the patient's respiratory function and decrease the risk of complications during and after surgery. Administering aspirin, providing education about pain management, and obtaining informed consent are also important aspects of preoperative care, but assisting with deep breathing and coughing exercises is particularly essential for patients undergoing CABG surgery due to the increased risk of respiratory complications in this population.
The young mother wanted to know about the motor development APPROPRIATE in a preschooler. Which of the following statements NOT true?
- A. "He can tie shoe lace"
- B. "He can alternate feet when climbing"
- C. "He has not developed good postures"
- D. "He can hop two or more times"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement that the preschooler can alternate feet when climbing is not true. Typically, preschoolers at this age group are still developing their coordination and may not have mastered the skill of alternating feet while climbing. It is more common for them to use one foot after the other while climbing. This skill usually requires more advanced motor development and coordination, which may come later in the preschool years.