Nokea
Which of the following structures is responsible for storing and concentrating bile produced by the liver until it is needed for digestion?
- A. Liver
- B. Gallbladder
- C. Pancreas
- D. Spleen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gallbladder is the structure responsible for storing and concentrating bile produced by the liver until it is needed for digestion. Bile is a digestive fluid that helps in the breakdown of fats during the digestive process. When food containing fats enters the small intestine, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile, storing it until it is needed for digestion.
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Since she wanted to capture the essence and emotion of the victims she chose to use the qualitative design. Which among the statements below is CORRECT about qualitative design?
- A. It commences study at present but consummates at any future time
- B. It allows estimation of relationship between studied variables
- C. It provides insights into attitudes, beliefs, motivates and behaviours of target population
- D. It tests results through numerical data and subjects them to statistical analysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Qualitative research design focuses on gaining an in-depth understanding of attitudes, beliefs, motivations, and behaviors of individuals or groups. It does not typically involve statistical analysis or estimation of relationships between variables like quantitative designs do. Qualitative research involves collecting data through methods such as interviews, observations, or focus groups to provide rich and detailed insights into the experiences and perspectives of the participants. The emphasis is on understanding the meanings individuals attach to their experiences, rather than generalizing findings to a larger population.
A patient presents with redness, pain, and photophobia in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals ciliary injection, corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with fixed reaction to light. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Anterior uveitis
- B. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- C. Endophthalmitis
- D. Corneal abrasion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described in the question is classic for anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris and ciliary body and is characterized by redness, pain, and photophobia. Slit-lamp examination typically reveals ciliary injection (redness around the iris), corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with a fixed reaction to light due to inflammation causing spasm of the iris muscles. Acute angle-closure glaucoma would present with similar symptoms but would also have increased intraocular pressure, which is not mentioned in the presentation. Endophthalmitis is an infection of the intraocular cavities and would typically present with more severe symptoms, such as severe pain, vision loss, and presence of pus in the eye. Corneal abrasion would present with pain, foreign body sensation, and possibly tearing but would not cause ciliary injection or fixed pupil reaction as
A nurse is preparing to assist with a cardiopulmonary exercise stress test for a patient. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure patient safety during the test?
- A. Administering a beta-blocker medication to the patient before the test
- B. Monitoring the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm continuously during the test
- C. Encouraging the patient to consume a heavy meal two hours before the test
- D. Allowing the patient to resume normal activities immediately after the test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most critical action to prioritize for ensuring patient safety during a cardiopulmonary exercise stress test is to monitor the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm continuously during the test (Option B). This monitoring allows the healthcare team to promptly detect any abnormal heart rhythms or signs of cardiac distress, enabling timely intervention if necessary. Continuous ECG monitoring is essential during exercise testing as it helps in assessing the heart's response to physical activity and identifying any potential cardiac abnormalities or complications that may arise during the test. By closely monitoring the ECG rhythm, the nurse can ensure the patient's safety and well-being throughout the procedure. Administering a beta-blocker medication before the test (Option A) may be indicated in some cases but is not as crucial as continuous ECG monitoring during the test. Encouraging the patient to consume a heavy meal before the test (Option C) is contraindicated as it can interfere with the accuracy of the results
Nurse Mary randomly seleted individuals in the community who will be part of a project. Which of the following ethical principle is observed by the nurse?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Confidentiality
- C. Beneficence
- D. Fair treatment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: By randomly selecting individuals in the community for the project, Nurse Mary is upholding the ethical principle of autonomy. Autonomy refers to respecting individuals' right to make their own decisions and choices. In this scenario, Nurse Mary is not imposing her own preferences or biases but rather allowing individuals in the community to have an equal opportunity to participate in the project. Random selection ensures that the process is fair and gives everyone an equal chance to be involved, respecting their autonomy.
A postpartum client with a history of breast augmentation expresses concerns about breastfeeding difficulties. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to support successful breastfeeding in this situation?
- A. Providing education on techniques to promote milk production and let-down
- B. Recommending supplemental formula feedings to ensure adequate nutrition
- C. Encouraging the client to avoid breastfeeding to prevent discomfort
- D. Referring the client to a lactation consultant for specialized support
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Referring the client to a lactation consultant for specialized support should be prioritized to support successful breastfeeding in this situation. Breast augmentation surgery may impact milk production, let-down reflex, and proper latch due to alterations in breast tissue and nerve pathways. A lactation consultant can provide individualized guidance and support to address these specific challenges. Additionally, the consultant can assist in establishing a breastfeeding plan tailored to the client's unique needs, helping to optimize the breastfeeding experience for both the mother and the baby. It is crucial to seek expert assistance in navigating any potential difficulties that may arise from breastfeeding after breast augmentation to promote successful breastfeeding outcomes.