Nokea
A nurse is reviewing the chart of a 15-year-old girl who has been sexually active since the age of 12. Which of the following findings would be of most concern?
- A. She does not perform self-breast exams.
- B. She has never had a Pap test.
- C. She had one HIV test performed at the age of 13.
- D. She does not use birth control pills.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sexual activity at a young age warrants cervical cancer screening, and the lack of a Pap test is concerning.
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A nurse and her client are engaged in meaningful conversation when suddenly there is silence between the two. To facilitate effective client-centered communication, the nurse should:
- A. ask the person what he is thinking, so they can understand each other.
- B. restate what the person said before silence ensued, to get clarification.
- C. change the subject to one that is more pleasant for the person to discuss.
- D. wait quietly to give the person time to reflect where he wants to lead the conversation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Silence allows the person to reflect on what is being discussed or experienced and lets the nurse know that they are ready to continue when the client is ready.
The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) has been said to have excellent test specificity. What does this statement mean?
- A. Rarely identifies children who have developmental delays
- B. Rarely identifies children who do not actually have developmental delays
- C. Has a large number of false positive results
- D. Has a large number of false negative results
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Specificity measures a test’s ability to correctly identify those who do not have the condition, leading to fewer false positives.
Which scenario indicates a potentially dysfunctional pattern?
- A. Adult with frequent urination
- B. Woman who lost her job
- C. Elderly person with blurred vision
- D. Overweight adult with a sweet tooth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Losing a job can lead to stress and poor coping, indicating a potential dysfunctional pattern needing intervention.
A community health nurse is educating a community group about the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Which of the following information would be included in this presentation?
- A. Limit consumption of dairy products.
- B. Purchase organic fruits and vegetables.
- C. Make at least half of your grains whole grains.
- D. Consume fish on a daily basis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The guidelines emphasize making half of grains whole grains as a key dietary goal.
Which of the following changes is experienced by the urinary system during pregnancy?
- A. Increased urinary output secondary to total body water increase
- B. Decreased bladder capacity
- C. Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting from estrogen and progesterone surge
- D. Increased renal excretion of acidic drugs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pregnancy causes an increase in GFR and urinary output due to a higher body water volume and increased bladder capacity.