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The client diagnosed with ovarian cancer has had eight (8) courses of chemotherapy. Which laboratory data warrant immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. Absolute neutrophil count of 3,500.
- B. Platelet count of 150 · 103.
- C. Red blood cell count of 5 · 106.
- D. Urinalysis report of 100 WBCs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urinalysis with 100 WBCs indicates a urinary tract infection, requiring immediate intervention in a chemotherapy patient at risk for sepsis. Other values are within normal ranges.
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The nurse is caring for a 30-year-old nulliparous client who is complaining of severe dysmenorrhea. Which diagnostic test should the nurse prepare the client to undergo to determine the diagnosis?
- A. A bimanual vaginal exam.
- B. A pregnancy test.
- C. An exploratory laparoscopy.
- D. An ovarian biopsy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exploratory laparoscopy is used to diagnose conditions like endometriosis, a common cause of severe dysmenorrhea. Bimanual exam is nonspecific, pregnancy tests rule out ectopic pregnancy, and ovarian biopsy is invasive and unrelated.
After C. albicans is identified as the causative organism, the nurse would expect the physician to prescribe which treatment?
- A. A nonprescription antifungal medication
- B. A prescription oral penicillin
- C. A prescription broad-spectrum antibiotic
- D. A vaginal douche with a vinegar solution
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Candida albicans causes yeast infections, which are typically treated with nonprescription antifungal medications like miconazole or clotrimazole.
The nurse is teaching men about early detection of prostate cancer according to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines. Which should the nurse teach the clients?
- A. Beginning at age 39 a Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) followed by a prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
- B. Beginning at age 45 a rectal sonogram and, if positive, followed by a Digital Rectal Examination (DRE).
- C. Beginning at age 50 a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) followed by a Digital Rectal Examination (DRE).
- D. Beginning at age 60 a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) followed, if positive, by a prostate biopsy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACS recommends PSA and DRE starting at age 50 for average-risk men. Earlier screening, sonograms, or biopsies are not standard unless indicated.
Which is the American Cancer Society’s recommendation for the early detection of cancer of the prostate?
- A. A yearly PSA level and DRE beginning at age 50.
- B. A biannual rectal examination beginning at age 40.
- C. A semiannual alkaline phosphatase level beginning at age 45.
- D. A yearly urinalysis to determine the presence of prostatic fluid.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACS recommends yearly PSA and DRE starting at age 50 for average-risk men. Biannual DRE, alkaline phosphatase, and urinalysis are not standard for prostate cancer screening.
The client is diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer to the bones. Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Prepare for a transurethral resection of the prostate.
- B. Keep the foot of the bed elevated at all times.
- C. Place the client on a scheduled bowel regimen.
- D. Discuss the client’s altered sexual functioning.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bone metastasis increases constipation risk (e.g., from analgesics); a bowel regimen prevents complications. TURP is for obstruction, bed elevation is irrelevant, and sexual function is secondary.