Nokea
Which assessment findings recorded by the nurse indicate high risk factors for developing breast cancer? Select all that apply.
- A. The client began menstruating before age 12.
- B. The client had three full-term pregnancies.
- C. The client has a very large breast.
- D. The client has had radiation treatment to the chest.
- E. The client has had breast implants.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Early menarche (before age 12) and chest radiation exposure are established risk factors for breast cancer due to prolonged estrogen exposure and DNA damage, respectively. Multiple pregnancies reduce risk, and breast size or implants are not significant risk factors.
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The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with uterine cancer who has received afterload intracavitary radiation. Which precaution should the nurse implement?
- A. Wear rubber gloves to protect the nurse from all exposure.
- B. Allow any visitor the client wishes to see.
- C. Minimize the amount of time spent with the client.
- D. Encourage the client to ambulate in the hallway.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Minimizing time with the client reduces radiation exposure during intracavitary brachytherapy. Gloves are insufficient, visitors are limited, and ambulation increases exposure risk.
Which is the American Cancer Society’s recommendation for the early detection of cancer of the prostate?
- A. A yearly PSA level and DRE beginning at age 50.
- B. A biannual rectal examination beginning at age 40.
- C. A semiannual alkaline phosphatase level beginning at age 45.
- D. A yearly urinalysis to determine the presence of prostatic fluid.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACS recommends yearly PSA and DRE starting at age 50 for average-risk men. Biannual DRE, alkaline phosphatase, and urinalysis are not standard for prostate cancer screening.
When collecting a specimen from the client who may have gonorrhea, which nursing action is correct?
- A. Wearing latex gloves
- B. Using a disinfectant
- C. Asking the client to provide the specimen
- D. Refrigerating the specimen immediately
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wearing latex gloves protects the nurse from exposure to infectious material during specimen collection.
When the nurse does a physical assessment of this client, which technique is best for determining the extent of the prolapse?
- A. Examine the perineum when the client rolls from side to side.
- B. Examine the perineum as the client stands and bears down.
- C. Examine the perineum with the client in a dorsal recumbent position.
- D. Examine the perineum with a lubricated speculum and flashlight.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Standing and bearing down makes a prolapsed uterus more visible, allowing accurate assessment of its extent.
The 24-year-old female client presents to the clinic with lower abdominal pain on the left side she rates as a '9' on a 1-to-10 scale. Which diagnostic procedure should the nurse prepare the client for?
- A. A computed tomography scan.
- B. A lumbar puncture.
- C. An appendectomy.
- D. A pelvic sonogram.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe left-sided pelvic pain suggests ovarian pathology (e.g., cyst, torsion); a pelvic sonogram is the initial diagnostic tool. CT is less specific, lumbar puncture is irrelevant, and appendectomy is premature.