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What is the appropriate ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths for adult CPR?
- A. 15 compressions: 2 breaths
- B. 30 compressions: 2 breaths
- C. 30 compressions: 1 breath
- D. 15 compressions: 1 breath
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The appropriate ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths for adult CPR is 30 compressions to 2 breaths. This means that after every 30 chest compressions, two rescue breaths should be given. This ratio helps in maintaining oxygen circulation in the body while also ensuring that the heart is being effectively pumped to circulate blood. The emphasis on chest compressions is critical in maintaining blood flow to vital organs during cardiac arrest, while the rescue breaths help in providing oxygen to the patient's lungs. This ratio is recommended by organizations like the American Heart Association for performing high-quality adult CPR.
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Ms. Ruby 28 year old also a patient of Nurse Gladys is suffering from Rheumatic fever due to a previous streptococcal infection. In monitoring patient's status, the nurse should document which of the following TYPICAL manifestation EXCEPT ______.
- A. Increase body temperature
- B. Voluntary muscle spasm
- C. Non-pruritic rashes
- D. Migratory joint pains
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In patients with Rheumatic fever, typical manifestations include an increase in body temperature, non-pruritic rashes, and migratory joint pains. Voluntary muscle spasm is not a typical manifestation of Rheumatic fever. The main clinical features of Rheumatic fever are related to the inflammation of the heart, joints, skin, and central nervous system. Muscle spasms are not a prominent feature of this condition. It is important for the nurse to be aware of these typical manifestations to effectively monitor and manage the patient's condition.
A patient is prescribed an antipsychotic medication for the management of schizophrenia. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Extrapyramidal symptoms
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antipsychotic medications, especially first-generation antipsychotics, can cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) as an adverse effect. EPS include symptoms such as muscle rigidity, tremors, akathisia (restlessness), and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements of the face and body). These symptoms are due to the medications' effects on the dopamine system in the brain. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient closely for EPS because they can be uncomfortable, distressing, and may impact the patient's quality of life and medication adherence. Early recognition and management of EPS are essential to prevent further complications and improve the patient's overall well-being.
A nurse is preparing to assist with a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion for a patient requiring long-term enteral feeding. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure procedural success?
- A. Confirming the patient's fasting status before the PEG tube insertion
- B. Positioning the patient in a supine position with the head of the bed elevated
- C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection
- D. Coordinating with radiology or gastroenterology for procedural guidance Dermatology
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coordinating with radiology or gastroenterology for procedural guidance is crucial to ensure the success of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion. This procedure is typically performed under endoscopic guidance to ensure proper placement of the tube into the stomach through the abdominal wall. Radiology or gastroenterology professionals are trained to perform and guide the insertion procedure, making their involvement essential for a successful outcome. Additionally, their expertise helps minimize the risk of complications during and after the PEG tube placement.
The day of discharge came and Marlene 's face becomes all the more sad. When asked why, she answered she has no money to pay the bill. The BEST way of communicating her piece of advice is stating which of the following?
- A. You can go to the cashier for to find out what she can advise you
- B. The government has agencies for those who need financial assistance. I will give you the list.
- C. You can always pay in staggered amounts to be given every 15 days
- D. Ask help from generous relatives so you can have additional for down payment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this situation, the best way to communicate Marlene's piece of advice would be to inform her about government agencies that provide financial assistance. This option provides a long-term solution for her financial difficulties rather than short-term fixes like asking relatives for help or paying in staggered amounts. By giving her information about available resources, you are empowering her to seek sustainable help for her financial situation. This approach focuses on addressing the root cause of her inability to pay the bill rather than temporary solutions.
As a nurse manager, which nursing action should do to let the staff imbibe the culture of quality at the health center?
- A. Become a role model
- B. Reprimand every now and then
- C. Frequent meetings
- D. Allow them to read books
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: As a nurse manager, the most effective way to let the staff imbibe the culture of quality at the health center is to become a role model. Leading by example is a powerful way to influence behavior and attitudes within a team. By demonstrating a commitment to quality in your own work, behavior, and decision-making, you set a positive example for your staff to follow. This proactive approach creates a culture of quality that is more likely to be embraced by the team as they see it being consistently demonstrated by their leader. This can result in improved staff morale, motivation, and overall performance in delivering quality care to patients. Additionally, being a role model fosters trust and respect among the staff, which is essential for building a strong team dynamic centered around quality healthcare delivery.