Nokea
A patient presents with a target-like rash with concentric erythematous rings and central clearing on the trunk and extremities. The patient reports recent exposure to a new medication. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Erythema multiforme
- B. Pityriasis rosea
- C. Urticaria (hives)
- D. Seborrheic dermatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erythema multiforme is a skin condition characterized by the sudden onset of a target-like rash with concentric erythematous rings and central clearing on the trunk and extremities. It typically presents with a distinctive "iris" or "bull's eye" pattern. Erythema multiforme is often triggered by exposure to certain medications, such as antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and other drugs. The rash is usually accompanied by symptoms like fever, malaise, and joint pain. It is important to identify and discontinue the offending medication causing the reaction in cases of drug-induced erythema multiforme.
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Immunity that the baby gets from the immune mother through breastfeeding is:
- A. Passive natural
- B. Active natural
- C. Passive artificial
- D. Active artificial
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Immunity that the baby gets from the immune mother through breastfeeding is considered passive natural immunity. This is because the baby receives pre-formed antibodies from the mother's breast milk, providing temporary protection until the baby's own immune system is fully developed. This type of immunity is passive since the baby does not produce its antibodies, and it is considered natural because it happens through a natural process of breastfeeding.
A nurse is preparing to assist with a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion for a patient requiring long-term enteral feeding. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure procedural success?
- A. Confirming the patient's fasting status before the PEG tube insertion
- B. Positioning the patient in a supine position with the head of the bed elevated
- C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection
- D. Coordinating with radiology or gastroenterology for procedural guidance Dermatology
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coordinating with radiology or gastroenterology for procedural guidance is crucial to ensure the success of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion. This procedure is typically performed under endoscopic guidance to ensure proper placement of the tube into the stomach through the abdominal wall. Radiology or gastroenterology professionals are trained to perform and guide the insertion procedure, making their involvement essential for a successful outcome. Additionally, their expertise helps minimize the risk of complications during and after the PEG tube placement.
A patient undergoing mechanical ventilation in the ICU develops ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's respiratory infection?
- A. Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting common pathogens.
- B. Perform endotracheal suctioning to clear airway secretions.
- C. Implement oral hygiene measures to reduce bacterial colonization.
- D. Recommend early mobilization to prevent complications of immobility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU. The priority intervention to manage respiratory infection in a patient with VAP is the administration of appropriate antibiotics to target and eliminate the causative pathogens. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are usually initiated empirically to cover a wide range of potential pathogens commonly associated with VAP, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter species. Timely initiation of antibiotic therapy is crucial in improving outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with VAP. Other interventions like endotracheal suctioning, oral hygiene measures, and early mobilization are also important in preventing complications and promoting recovery, but the primary focus should be on treating the infection with antibiotics.
A nurse is preparing to assist with a thoracentesis procedure for a patient with pleural effusion. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure procedural safety?
- A. Administering pre-procedure antibiotics to prevent infection
- B. Ensuring the patient empties their bladder before the procedure
- C. Positioning the patient upright with arms supported on a bedside table
- D. Confirming the patient's informed consent before the procedure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Confirming the patient's informed consent before the procedure is the most crucial action for the nurse to prioritize to ensure procedural safety during a thoracentesis. Informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement that ensures the patient understands the purpose of the procedure, its potential risks, benefits, and alternatives. By confirming informed consent, the nurse ensures that the patient has the necessary information and has willingly agreed to undergo the procedure. This process promotes patient autonomy, prevents misunderstandings, and reduces the likelihood of legal issues related to the procedure. Additionally, verifying informed consent helps establish a foundation of trust between the healthcare team and the patient. While other actions like positioning the patient correctly and ensuring pre-procedure antibiotics may also contribute to the safety of the procedure, obtaining informed consent is the foundational step that must be prioritized.
You are a Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Center Nurse. During the assessment of a newly admitted Person Who Uses Drugs (PWUDs) named Korino, which of the following is the MOST APPROPRIATE question to ask?
- A. Ask Korino how long he thought that he could take drugs without someone finding it.
- B. Ask Korino why he started taking illegal drugs.
- C. Not ask any questions for fear Korino will deny and may become assaultive.
- D. Ask Korino about the amount of drug used and its effect and how long he had been using.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate question to ask during the assessment of a newly admitted Person Who Uses Drugs (PWUDs) like Korino is to ask about the amount of drug used, its effects, and how long he has been using. This question provides valuable information for treatment planning and understanding the extent of Korino's drug use. By asking about the specific details of his drug use, the nurse can assess the severity of the addiction, potential health risks, and the duration of substance abuse. This information is crucial for developing an individualized treatment plan and providing appropriate care for Korino's needs. Asking open-ended questions about drug use also helps build rapport and trust between the nurse and the patient, which is essential for effective treatment.