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The client is diagnosed with tertiary syphilis. Which signs and symptoms should the nurse expect the client to exhibit?
- A. Lymphadenopathy and hair loss.
- B. Warts in the genital area.
- C. Dementia and psychosis.
- D. Raised rash covering the body.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary syphilis affects the nervous system, causing dementia and psychosis. Lymphadenopathy/hair loss and rashes occur in earlier stages, and warts are HPV-related.
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If the client is typical of others with gonorrhea, which statements made by the client will help to make the diagnosis? Select all that apply.
- A. I have burning when I urinate.
- B. I have a yellow drainage from my penis.
- C. I had sexual intercourse 5 days ago.
- D. I have a painless ulceration on my penis.
- E. I have little blisters on my penis and scrotum.
- F. I have extra skin growing around my penis.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Burning on urination and yellow penile discharge are hallmark symptoms of gonorrhea, supporting the diagnosis.
The HCP has prescribed two (2) IV antibiotics for the female client diagnosed with diabetes and pneumonia. Which order should the nurse request from the HCP?
- A. Request written information on antibiotic-caused vaginal infections.
- B. Request yogurt to be served on the client’s meal trays.
- C. Request a change of one of the antibiotics to an oral route.
- D. Request L. acidophilus, a probiotic medication, three (3) times a day.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Probiotics like L. acidophilus prevent antibiotic-associated vaginal yeast infections. Written information is less proactive, yogurt is insufficient, and changing routes is unnecessary.
Which client has the highest risk for developing cancer of the testicles?
- A. The client diagnosed with epididymitis.
- B. The client born with cryptorchidism.
- C. The client with an enlarged prostate.
- D. The client diagnosed with hypospadias.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cryptorchidism (undescended testis) significantly increases testicular cancer risk due to abnormal testicular development. Epididymitis, enlarged prostate, and hypospadias are not strong risk factors.
Which recommendation is the American Cancer Society's (ACS) 2015 guideline for the early detection of breast cancer?
- A. Beginning at age 18, have a biannual clinical breast examination by an HCP.
- B. Beginning at age 30, perform monthly breast self-exams.
- C. At age 45 through 54, receive a yearly mammogram.
- D. Beginning at age 50, have a breast sonogram every five (5) years.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACS 2015 guidelines recommend annual mammograms for women aged 45–54. Biannual clinical exams at 18, monthly BSEs, and routine sonograms are not part of these guidelines.
The nurse is caring for a young adult client who has been diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which statement reflects an understanding of the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases?
- A. Only lower socioeconomic income people are at risk for gonorrhea and syphilis.
- B. The longer a client waits to become sexually active, the greater the risk for an STD.
- C. Females can transmit infectious diseases more rapidly than males.
- D. If a client is diagnosed with an STD, the client should be evaluated for other STDs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: STD diagnosis warrants screening for co-infections (e.g., chlamydia, HIV) due to shared risk behaviors. Socioeconomic status, delayed sexual activity, and gender transmission rates are misconceptions.