Nokea
The client is on a beta blocker for hypertension. What should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Respiratory distress
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bradycardia. Beta blockers slow down the heart rate by blocking the effects of adrenaline. Therefore, the nurse should monitor for bradycardia as it is a common side effect of beta blockers. Tachycardia (B) is unlikely due to the medication's mechanism. Hypertension (C) is already being treated by the beta blocker. Respiratory distress (D) is not a typical side effect of beta blockers.
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What is a condition where the heart's electrical impulses are delayed or blocked, leading to a slower or irregular heartbeat?
- A. Heart block
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Arrhythmia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart block. Heart block is a condition where the electrical impulses in the heart are delayed or blocked, leading to a slower or irregular heartbeat. This can result in symptoms like dizziness, fatigue, and fainting. Tachycardia (B) is a condition of a fast heart rate, not a delayed or blocked impulse. Bradycardia (C) is a slow heart rate, but it doesn't necessarily involve delayed or blocked impulses. Arrhythmia (D) is a broad term for any irregular heartbeat pattern, not specifically related to delayed or blocked impulses.
What is a condition where the walls of the arteries in the lungs become thickened and stiff, leading to increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries?
- A. Pulmonary hypertension
- B. Pulmonary fibrosis
- C. Pulmonary embolism
- D. Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension refers to the condition where the walls of the arteries in the lungs become thickened and stiff, leading to increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. This results in the heart having to work harder to pump blood through the lungs, causing potential damage to the heart and lungs over time.
B: Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition characterized by scarring of lung tissue, not thickening and stiffening of artery walls.
C: Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs, usually caused by a blood clot. It does not involve thickening and stiffening of artery walls.
D: Pulmonary edema is a condition where fluid builds up in the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It is not related to thickened and stiffened artery walls.
When administering enoxaparin (Lovenox) to a client, what is the most important lab value to monitor?
- A. Platelet count
- B. aPTT
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. INR
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Platelet count. When administering enoxaparin, the most important lab value to monitor is the platelet count because enoxaparin can cause thrombocytopenia, a potentially serious adverse effect. Monitoring platelet count helps to detect and prevent this complication.
Summary of other choices:
B: aPTT - Enoxaparin does not directly affect aPTT, so monitoring this value is not as critical as platelet count.
C: Hemoglobin - While monitoring hemoglobin may be important for some conditions, it is not the most crucial lab value to monitor when administering enoxaparin.
D: INR - Enoxaparin does not affect the INR, so monitoring this value is not necessary when administering this medication.
What is an acute respiratory infection that inflames the alveoli in one or both lungs, causing them to fill with fluid or pus?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Tuberculosis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that specifically inflames the alveoli in the lungs, leading to fluid or pus accumulation. This condition can affect one or both lungs. Bronchitis (B) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not the alveoli. Tuberculosis (C) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but does not always involve alveoli inflammation. Asthma (D) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and constriction, not alveoli inflammation like in pneumonia.
Which condition is characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle?
- A. Angina
- B. Myocardial infarction
- C. Pericarditis
- D. Arrhythmia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Angina. Angina is characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often triggered by physical exertion or stress. It is typically relieved by rest or medication. Myocardial infarction (B) is a heart attack, which results from a complete blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle. Pericarditis (C) is inflammation of the pericardium, the outer lining of the heart, causing sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing. Arrhythmia (D) refers to abnormal heart rhythms and may not necessarily present with chest pain due to reduced blood flow.