Cardiovascular System Practice Exam

Cardiovascular System Practice Exam Related

Review Cardiovascular System Practice Exam related questions and content

The client is on spironolactone (Aldactone). What is the most important dietary instruction?

  • A. Avoid foods high in potassium.
  • B. Increase intake of foods high in potassium.
  • C. Avoid foods high in sodium.
  • D. Increase intake of foods high in sodium.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid foods high in potassium. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can increase potassium levels in the body. Consuming foods high in potassium while on spironolactone can lead to hyperkalemia, which can be dangerous. By avoiding foods high in potassium, the client can help maintain a safe potassium level.

Summary:
- Choice B (Increase intake of foods high in potassium) is incorrect because it can lead to hyperkalemia when combined with spironolactone.
- Choice C (Avoid foods high in sodium) is unrelated to spironolactone's mechanism of action.
- Choice D (Increase intake of foods high in sodium) is incorrect as it is not relevant to the dietary instruction needed for a client on spironolactone.

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What is a condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally enlarged, thickened, or stiffened, often leading to heart failure?

  • A. Cardiomyopathy
  • B. Pericarditis
  • C. Aortic stenosis
  • D. Mitral valve prolapse
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a condition characterized by abnormal enlargement, thickening, or stiffening of the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure. This condition directly affects the heart muscle itself, causing it to function improperly. Pericarditis (B) is inflammation of the pericardium, the outer lining of the heart, not the heart muscle. Aortic stenosis (C) and Mitral valve prolapse (D) involve issues with heart valves, not the heart muscle itself. Therefore, A is the correct choice as it directly addresses the abnormal changes in the heart muscle leading to heart failure.

During hemodynamic monitoring, the nurse finds that the patient has a decreased CO with unchanged pulmonary artery wedge pressures, HR, and SVR. The nurse identifies that the patient has a decrease in

  • A. SV
  • B. Preload
  • C. Afterload
  • D. Contractility
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: CO is dependent on the heart rate and stroke volume, and stroke volume is determined by preload, afterload and contractility. If CO is decreased and heart rate is unchanged, stroke volume is the variable factor.

A long-term-care resident with venous stasis ulcers is treated with Unna's boot. Which of the nursing activities included in the resident's care is best for you to delegate to a nursing assistant?

  • A. Monitor capillary perfusion once every 8 hours.
  • B. Teach family members the signs of infection.
  • C. Evaluate foot sensation and movement each shift.
  • D. Assist patient with cleaning around Unna's boot.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cleaning around the boot is a simple task suitable for a nursing assistant.

The client is on nitroglycerin patches. What should the nurse include in the client's education?

  • A. Rotate the application site with each new patch.
  • B. Apply the patch at the same time each day.
  • C. Leave the patch on for 24 hours, then remove it for 12 hours before applying a new one.
  • D. Apply the patch to the same site each time.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rotate the application site with each new patch. This is important to prevent skin irritation and tolerance development. Rotating sites ensures consistent drug absorption and reduces the risk of skin reactions. Applying the patch at the same site each time (choice D) can lead to localized skin irritation. Applying the patch at the same time each day (choice B) is not as crucial as rotating sites. Leaving the patch on for 24 hours and then removing it for 12 hours (choice C) can disrupt the therapeutic effect of the medication.

What is the condition where the blood vessels that supply blood to the legs and feet become narrowed or blocked, causing pain and difficulty walking?

  • A. Peripheral artery disease
  • B. Raynaud's disease
  • C. Varicose veins
  • D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is characterized by narrowed or blocked blood vessels in the legs, leading to reduced blood flow, causing pain and difficulty walking (claudication). The narrowing is typically due to atherosclerosis. Raynaud's disease (B) involves spasms of small arteries, causing reduced blood flow to fingers and toes, not legs. Varicose veins (C) are enlarged, twisted veins, not arteries. Pulmonary embolism (D) is a blockage in the lungs' arteries, not the legs.

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