Nokea
The client receiving dialysis for end-stage renal disease wants to quit dialysis and die. Which ethical principle supports the client's right to die?
- A. Autonomy.
- B. Self-determination.
- C. Beneficence.
- D. Justice.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autonomy supports a client’s right to make decisions, including refusing treatment, per ethical standards. Self-determination is synonymous, but autonomy is the precise term.
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The hospice nurse is making the final visit to the wife whose husband died a little more than a year ago. The nurse realizes the husband's clothes are still in the closet and chest of drawers. Which action should the nurse implement first?
- A. Discuss what the wife is going to do with the clothes.
- B. Refer the wife to a grief recovery support group.
- C. Do not take any action because this is normal grieving.
- D. Remove the clothes from the house and dispose of them.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Keeping clothes is a normal part of grieving, requiring no immediate action. Discussing plans, referring to support, or removing clothes may rush or distress the widow.
The nurse is discussing malpractice issues in an in-service class. Which situation is an example of malpractice?
- A. The nurse fails to report a neighbor who is abusing his two children.
- B. The nurse does not intervene in a client who has a BP of 80/50 and AP of 122.
- C. The nurse is suspected of taking narcotics prescribed for a client.
- D. The nurse falsifies vital signs in the client's medical records.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malpractice involves breaching the standard of care causing harm, like ignoring hypotension and tachycardia. Child abuse reporting, narcotic theft, or falsification are ethical/legal issues, not malpractice.
The family has requested a client with terminal cancer not be told of the diagnosis. The client tells the nurse, 'I think something is really wrong with me, but the doctor says everything is all right. Do you know if there is something wrong with me?' Which response by the nurse would support the ethical principle of veracity?
- A. I think you should talk to your doctor about your concerns.
- B. What makes you think something is really wrong?
- C. Your family has requested you not be told your diagnosis.
- D. The doctor would never tell you incorrect information.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Veracity (truth-telling) requires honesty; acknowledging the family’s request respects their wishes while addressing the client’s question, prompting further discussion. Other responses evade truth.
Which tissue or organ can be repeatedly donated to clients needing a transplant?
- A. Skin.
- B. Bones.
- C. Kidneys.
- D. Bone marrow.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bone marrow regenerates, allowing repeated donation. Skin, bones, and kidneys are limited or single-donation tissues/organs.
The client asks the nurse, 'When will the durable power of attorney for health care take effect?' On which scientific rationale would the nurse base the response?
- A. It goes into effect when the client needs someone to make financial decisions.
- B. It will be effective when the client is under general anesthesia during surgery.
- C. The client must say it is all right for it to become effective and enforced.
- D. It becomes valid only when the clients cannot make their own decisions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A durable power of attorney for health care activates when the client is incapacitated, per legal standards. Financial decisions, anesthesia, or client permission are incorrect triggers.