Nokea
The client with a spinal cord injury asks the nurse why the dietitian has recommended to decrease the total daily intake of calcium. Which of the following responses by the nurse would provide the most accurate information?
- A. Excessive intake of dairy products makes constipation more common.'
- B. Immobility increases calcium absorption from the intestine.'
- C. Lack of weight bearing causes demineralization of the long bones.'
- D. Dairy products likely will contribute to weight gain.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immobility leads to bone demineralization, increasing calcium release and risk of hypercalcemia.
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Peripheral blood flow is dependent on which of the following variables?
- A. Blood viscosity and diameter of vessels
- B. Diameter and resistance of vessels
- C. Force of contraction of the heart and resistance of vessels
- D. Pressure differences in the arterial and venous systems and resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Peripheral blood flow depends on pressure differences between the arterial and venous systems (driving force) and vascular resistance (opposing force). This relationship is governed by Poiseuille's law and Ohm's law for fluid flow, where flow is proportional to the pressure gradient and inversely proportional to resistance. The other options are incomplete or incorrect combinations of factors.
A client is receiving dopamine hydrochloride for treatment of shock. The nurse should:
- A. Administer pain medication concurrently.
- B. Monitor blood pressure continuously.
- C. Evaluate arterial blood gases at least every 2 hours.
- D. Monitor for signs of infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dopamine can cause significant changes in blood pressure due to its inotropic and vasopressor effects. Continuous blood pressure monitoring is essential to titrate the dose and prevent complications. Pain medication, arterial blood gases, and infection monitoring are not primary.
The client's wife asks the nurse whether the I.V. infusion is meeting her husband's nutritional needs because he has vomited several times. The nurse's response should be based on the knowledge that 1 L of 5% dextrose in normal saline solution delivers:
- A. 170 calories.
- B. 250 calories.
- C. 340 calories.
- D. 500 calories.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: One liter of 5% dextrose provides 50 g of dextrose, yielding approximately 170 calories, insufficient for full nutritional needs.
What is a key nursing intervention for a client receiving peritoneal dialysis?
- A. Monitor for signs of peritonitis.
- B. Restrict protein intake.
- C. Administer anticoagulants.
- D. Limit ambulation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis, requiring vigilant monitoring.
Which of the following is a priority goal for the client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Maintaining functional ability.
- B. Minimizing chest pain.
- C. Increasing carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
- D. Treating infectious agents.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining functional ability is a priority in COPD to preserve quality of life and independence. Chest pain is not a primary issue. Increasing CO2 is harmful. Treating infections is important but not the top goal.