Nokea
The client with COPD has a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Which action is appropriate to delegate to the experienced LPN/LVN under your supervision?
- A. Observe how well the client performs pursed-lip breathing.
- B. Plan a nursing care regimen that gradually increases activity tolerance.
- C. Assist the client with basic activities of daily living (ADLs).
- D. Consult with physical therapy about reconditioning exercises.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Assisting with ADLs is a routine task suitable for an LPN/LVN. Observing pursed-lip breathing (A) and planning care regimens (B) are more advanced tasks. Consulting physical therapy (D) requires RN-level decision-making.
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The nurse recognizes that additional teaching is needed when the patient with asthma says
- A. a. I should exercise every day if my symptoms are controlled.
- B. b. I may use over-the-counter bronchodilator drugs occasionally if I develop chest tightness.
- C. c. I should inform my spouse about my medications and how to get help if I have a severe asthma attack.
- D. A diary to record my medication use, symptoms, peak expiratory flow rates, and activity levels will help in adjusting my therapy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Additional teaching is needed when the patient mentions using over-the-counter bronchodilator drugs occasionally. This is not recommended as it can mask underlying issues and delay proper treatment.
For the surface of an animal to function in the integumentary exchange of gases it must
- A. be thin and soft.
- B. have a high number of blood vessels
- C. have mucus or moist covering
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because for the integumentary exchange of gases to occur efficiently, the surface of the animal must meet all three criteria: be thin and soft to allow gases to pass through easily, have a high number of blood vessels to facilitate gas exchange, and have a mucus or moist covering to prevent desiccation and aid in gas diffusion. If the surface is not thin and soft, gases cannot diffuse effectively. Without a high number of blood vessels, there wouldn't be sufficient transport of gases to and from the surface. And without a mucus or moist covering, the surface may dry out, hindering gas exchange. Therefore, all of the above factors are essential for the integumentary exchange of gases to function optimally.
Pulmonary ventilation also called
- A. inhalation
- B. exhalation
- C. Breathing
- D. all of these
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Breathing. Pulmonary ventilation refers to the process of breathing, which involves both inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation is the act of taking in air, while exhalation is the act of expelling air. Therefore, the term "pulmonary ventilation" encompasses both inhalation and exhalation, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A and B are incorrect because they only represent one part of the breathing process. Choice D is incorrect because it suggests that all choices are correct, which is not accurate in this context.
At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen.
- A. 10
- B. 25
- C. 50
- D. more than 90
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (more than 90). At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg, hemoglobin is more than 90% saturated with oxygen due to the high oxygen affinity of hemoglobin at this partial pressure. Hemoglobin exhibits near-maximal saturation at this level, promoting efficient oxygen binding and transport. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the high oxygen saturation levels associated with a PO2 of 70 mm Hg.
The abnormal assessment findings of dullness and hyperresonance are found with which assessment technique?
- A. Inspection
- B. Palpation
- C. Percussion
- D. Auscultation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because dullness and hyperresonance are abnormal assessment findings that are identified through percussion techniques.