Nokea
Which of the following are structural features of the trachea?
- A. C-shaped cartilage
- B. smooth muscle fibers
- C. cilia
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the choices are structural features of the trachea. A is correct as the trachea has C-shaped cartilage rings for structural support. B is correct as the trachea contains smooth muscle fibers that help regulate airflow. C is correct as the trachea is lined with cilia that help sweep mucus and foreign particles out of the respiratory tract. Therefore, all of the above choices are structural features of the trachea, making D the correct answer.
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The term "blue bloater" refers to which of the following conditions?
- A. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- B. Asthma
- C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
- D. Emphysema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic obstructive bronchitis. The term "blue bloater" is a classic descriptor used in the context of chronic obstructive bronchitis. It refers to patients who exhibit cyanosis (blue discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen) and are often overweight and edematous. This term is used to differentiate from "pink puffers" who have emphysema. Both conditions are part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the "blue bloater" presentation is more characteristic of chronic bronchitis due to the chronic hypoxia and retained carbon dioxide.
Now, let's evaluate why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) typically presents with severe difficulty breathing and rapid onset of respiratory failure. It is not referred to as a "blue bloater."
B: Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction and wheezing, usually triggered by allergens or irrit
Pneumatic and inhibitory centers are associated with
- A. Respiration
- B. Breathing
- C. Inspiration
- D. Expiration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breathing. Pneumatic and inhibitory centers are associated with controlling the process of breathing. The pneumatic center regulates the rate and depth of breathing, while the inhibitory center helps in controlling the duration and intensity of breathing. Therefore, these centers are directly involved in the overall process of breathing. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are specific components or stages of the breathing process, whereas the correct answer encompasses the entire act of breathing, making it the most comprehensive and appropriate choice.
A nurse in a medical unit is caring for a client with heart failure. The client suddenly develops extreme dyspnea,tachycardia and lung crackles. The nurse immediately asks another nurse to contact the primary health care provider and prepares to implement ALL priority interventions EXCEPT?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Administer furosemide (diuretic)
- C. Transport to coronary care unit
- D. Obtain stat Hepatic Panel
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Option C, transporting the client to the coronary care unit, is not the priority intervention because the client is presenting with acute pulmonary edema, a sign of worsening heart failure. Administering oxygen (Option A) is crucial to improve oxygenation. Administering furosemide (Option B) helps reduce fluid overload. Obtaining a stat Hepatic Panel (Option D) may be necessary to assess liver function due to medication side effects. However, immediate actions to address respiratory distress and tachycardia take precedence over moving the client to another unit.
Pulmonary ventilation also called
- A. inhalation
- B. exhalation
- C. Breathing
- D. all of these
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Breathing. Pulmonary ventilation refers to the process of breathing, which involves both inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation is the act of taking in air, while exhalation is the act of expelling air. Therefore, the term "pulmonary ventilation" encompasses both inhalation and exhalation, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A and B are incorrect because they only represent one part of the breathing process. Choice D is incorrect because it suggests that all choices are correct, which is not accurate in this context.
A client with suspected tuberculosis will most likely relate which clinical manifestations?
- A. Fatigue, weight loss, low grade fevers, night sweats.
- B. Dyspnea, chest pain, cough.
- C. Rapid shallow breathing, prolonged labored expiration, stridor.
- D. Dyspnea, hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. A client with suspected tuberculosis is likely to experience fatigue, weight loss, low-grade fevers, and night sweats due to the chronic infection affecting the body. Fatigue and weight loss are common symptoms of active tuberculosis due to the systemic impact of the infection. Low-grade fevers and night sweats are characteristic of tuberculosis due to the body's immune response. These symptoms are key indicators of tuberculosis infection.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe symptoms that are not typically associated with tuberculosis. Dyspnea, chest pain, and cough (Choice B) are more commonly seen in respiratory conditions such as pneumonia or bronchitis. Rapid shallow breathing, prolonged labored expiration, and stridor (Choice C) are indicative of airway obstruction rather than tuberculosis. Dyspnea, hypoxemia, and decreased pulmonary compliance (Choice D) are more characteristic of conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rather than tuberculosis.