Nokea
The commonest major cause of primary postpartum haemorrhage is
- A. Trauma of the genital tract
- B. Blood coagulation disorder
- C. Prolonged 3rd stage
- D. Atony of the uterus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Atony of the uterus is the most common cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage due to inadequate uterine contractions.
Step 2: Trauma of the genital tract can lead to bleeding but is not as common as atony of the uterus in postpartum hemorrhage.
Step 3: Blood coagulation disorder can contribute to excessive bleeding but is not the primary cause of postpartum hemorrhage.
Step 4: Prolonged 3rd stage can result in postpartum hemorrhage but is typically secondary to uterine atony.
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McEwen sign is associated with
- A. Hydrocephalus
- B. Myelomeningocele
- C. Microcephaly
- D. Encephalocele
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Myelomeningocele. McEwen sign refers to the characteristic scalloping of the frontal bones due to pressure from the expanding brain in individuals with myelomeningocele. This sign is specific to myelomeningocele and is not associated with hydrocephalus (A), microcephaly (C), or encephalocele (D), which have different clinical manifestations and imaging findings. Myelomeningocele is a neural tube defect where the spinal cord and its coverings protrude through an opening in the spine, leading to neurological deficits and associated signs like McEwen sign.
Psychosocial adversities are among the predisposing factors of puerperal psychosis.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: T
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Puerperal psychosis is a severe mental health condition occurring postpartum.
2. Psychosocial adversities, such as stress or lack of social support, can trigger or exacerbate mental health issues.
3. Therefore, psychosocial adversities can be predisposing factors for puerperal psychosis.
4. Option A (TRUE) is correct as it aligns with the established relationship between psychosocial factors and mental health.
Summary: Option A is correct because psychosocial adversities can indeed contribute to the development of puerperal psychosis, making it a relevant predisposing factor. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide any rationale or evidence to support their validity.
Intraperitoneal uterine rupture involves
- A. A tear of endometrium, myometrium & peritoneum
- B. A tear of the endometrium, myometrium & basal layer
- C. A tear of the endometrium, capsular layer & myometrium
- D. A tear of the endometrium, spongy layer & myometrium only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because intraperitoneal uterine rupture involves a tear that goes through all layers of the uterus - endometrium, myometrium, and peritoneum. This type of rupture extends beyond the muscular layer of the uterus and into the peritoneal cavity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not include the peritoneum, which is a key component of intraperitoneal uterine rupture. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it accurately describes the layers involved in this type of rupture.
How can folic acid supplementation prevent neural tube defects?
- A. By promoting spinal cord closure
- B. By preventing infections
- C. By enhancing fetal growth
- D. By regulating blood sugar levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because folic acid supplementation plays a crucial role in promoting spinal cord closure during fetal development, preventing neural tube defects. Folic acid helps in the formation of neural tube structures, ensuring proper closure and preventing defects like spina bifida. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as preventing infections, enhancing fetal growth, and regulating blood sugar levels are not direct mechanisms through which folic acid prevents neural tube defects.
Greatly reduced eliminations and red rosy appearance of face are among the features of
- A. Hypothermia neonatorum
- B. Hypoglycemia neonatorum
- C. Hyperthermia neonatorum
- D. Hypocalcemia neonatorum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is C: Hyperthermia neonatorum. Greatly reduced eliminations and a red rosy appearance of the face are indicative of hyperthermia, which is an elevated body temperature. This condition can lead to dehydration and other complications.
A: Hypothermia neonatorum is characterized by low body temperature, not elevated.
B: Hypoglycemia neonatorum refers to low blood sugar levels, not related to the symptoms mentioned.
D: Hypocalcemia neonatorum is a deficiency of calcium in the blood, not associated with the given features.
In summary, hyperthermia neonatorum is the correct answer due to the specific symptoms presented, while the other choices do not align with the described features.