microbiology an introduction 12th edition test bank

microbiology an introduction 12th edition test bank Related

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The complex of all biological processes/mechanisms responsible for the state of steady internal, physical and chemical conditions in the living systems and defense against all foreign agents is knows as:

  • A. infection
  • B. homeostasis
  • C. immunity
  • D. commensalism
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various biological processes and mechanisms that regulate factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient levels within narrow limits. This is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs.

Now, let's analyze the other choices:
A: Infection - Infection refers to the invasion and multiplication of harmful microorganisms in the body, leading to illnesses. It is not the correct answer as it does not encompass the overall maintenance of internal conditions.
C: Immunity - Immunity is the body's ability to resist and fight off infections. While immunity is related to defense against foreign agents, it does not fully capture the concept of maintaining internal stability.
D: Commensalism - Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship between different species where one benefits without harming the other. It is not related to the overall regulation of

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A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic typhus?

  • A. Lice
  • B. Spiders
  • C. Bed-bugs
  • D. Cockroaches
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lice. Lice, specifically body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis), are known carriers of the pathogen Rickettsia prowazekii, which causes epidemic typhus. Body lice are commonly found in unsanitary conditions and can transmit the bacteria through their bites. Spiders (choice B), bed-bugs (choice C), and cockroaches (choice D) are not known vectors of epidemic typhus. Spiders are predators that do not transmit diseases to humans, while bed-bugs and cockroaches are associated with other health issues but not epidemic typhus transmission.

Which bacteria are most commonly associated with foodborne illnesses?

  • A. Salmonella enterica
  • B. Escherichia coli
  • C. Vibrio cholerae
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three bacteria (Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae) are commonly associated with foodborne illnesses. Salmonella causes gastroenteritis, E. coli can lead to severe food poisoning, and Vibrio cholerae causes cholera. Therefore, choosing "All of the above" encompasses the most common bacteria linked to foodborne illnesses. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not cover the full range of bacteria typically involved in foodborne illnesses.

A phage in a repressed stage is referred to as a(n)

  • A. antiphage.
  • B. prophage.
  • C. virulent phage.
  • D. latent phage.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: prophage. In the repressed stage, a phage integrates its DNA into the host cell's chromosome, becoming a prophage. This integration allows the phage to replicate along with the host cell without causing immediate lysis.
A: Antiphage is not a term used to describe a phage in a repressed stage.
C: Virulent phage refers to a phage that immediately causes lysis of the host cell.
D: Latent phage is not a commonly used term in this context.

Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain the parasitic protozoa. It is established that they relate to the Sarcodina class. Specify these single-celled organisms:

  • A. Entamoeba gingivalis
  • B. Entamoeba histolutica
  • C. Entamoeba coli
  • D. Amoeba proteus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Entamoeba gingivalis. Firstly, it is important to note that Entamoeba gingivalis is commonly found in the oral cavity, specifically in carious cavities. Secondly, Entamoeba gingivalis belongs to the Sarcodina class, which is characterized by their amoeboid movement using pseudopods. This protozoa is associated with oral health issues, particularly in individuals with poor oral hygiene.

Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Entamoeba histolutica is known for causing amoebic dysentery, not commonly associated with oral cavities.
C: Entamoeba coli is typically found in the human large intestine, not in oral cavities.
D: Amoeba proteus is a free-living amoeba commonly used in laboratory studies and not typically associated with oral cavity infections.

Infectious process is:

  • A. Clinically manifested disease
  • B. Infectious disease with typical symptoms
  • C. Interrelation between the macro- and micro organism
  • D. Ambulatory form of infection
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Infectious process involves interactions between macro and microorganisms.
2. It is not limited to manifested diseases or typical symptoms.
3. The process can occur without leading to a full-blown infectious disease.
4. Choice C correctly captures the dynamic relationship between different organisms.
Summary:
- A: Incorrect - Infectious process is not solely about clinically manifested diseases.
- B: Incorrect - Not all infectious diseases have typical symptoms.
- D: Incorrect - Ambulatory form is a specific type, not encompassing all infectious processes.

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