Nokea
The component of development that programs the genetic code into the nucleus of the cell is ____________.
- A. DNA
- B. Plastoderm
- C. haploid
- D. Endoderm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all living organisms. It programs the genetic code into the nucleus of the cell for replication and expression.
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A pregnant patient at 30 weeks gestation reports experiencing dizziness and faintness when standing up. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Low blood sugar levels due to gestational diabetes.
- B. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
- C. Decreased blood pressure due to pregnancy-related changes.
- D. Anemia and low iron levels.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased blood pressure due to pregnancy-related changes. During pregnancy, blood vessels dilate and the growing uterus can compress the vena cava, leading to decreased blood return to the heart when standing up, causing dizziness and faintness. This condition is known as orthostatic hypotension, common in the third trimester. Low blood sugar levels (choice A) and dehydration/electrolyte imbalance (choice B) can also cause dizziness but are less likely in this scenario. Anemia and low iron levels (choice D) can lead to fatigue and weakness but are less likely to cause dizziness and faintness when standing up in this context.
A pregnant patient is at 32 weeks gestation and reports feeling fatigued and weak. What is the nurse's priority intervention?
- A. Assess the patient's hemoglobin levels to check for anemia.
- B. Encourage the patient to increase physical activity and exercise.
- C. Instruct the patient to rest and avoid any strenuous activity.
- D. Recommend a high-calorie diet to improve energy levels.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the patient's hemoglobin levels to check for anemia.
1. During pregnancy, anemia is common due to increased blood volume and demands. Fatigue and weakness are common symptoms.
2. Anemia can lead to complications for both the mother and baby if left untreated.
3. Assessing hemoglobin levels will help determine if anemia is present and guide appropriate interventions.
4. Prompt treatment of anemia can improve symptoms and prevent adverse outcomes.
Summary:
B: Increasing physical activity may exacerbate fatigue if anemia is present.
C: Resting is important, but addressing the underlying cause of fatigue is crucial.
D: A high-calorie diet may not address the root cause of fatigue and could potentially worsen anemia if not properly managed.
Which food is the best source of iron?
- A. Raisins
- B. Hamburger
- C. Broccoli
- D. Molasses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hamburger is rich in heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme sources like raisins or molasses.
The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is experiencing leg swelling. Which of the following actions should the nurse encourage to reduce the swelling?
- A. Limit physical activity and avoid standing for long periods.
- B. Increase sodium intake to help retain water and reduce swelling.
- C. Wear tight compression stockings to improve circulation.
- D. Elevate the legs and avoid crossing them while sitting.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Elevating the legs and avoiding crossing them while sitting helps reduce swelling by promoting venous return and improving circulation. Elevating the legs above the heart level assists in reducing edema. Choices A and C are incorrect as limiting physical activity and wearing tight compression stockings may not effectively address the underlying issue of poor circulation. Choice B is also incorrect as increasing sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and worsen swelling.
What is the term for a nonstress test in which there are two or more fetal heart rate accelerations of 15 or more beats per minute (BPM) with fetal movement in a 20-minute period?
- A. Positive
- B. Negative
- C. Reactive
- D. Nonreactive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A nonstress test is considered reactive when there are at least two accelerations of 15 BPM or more in a 20-minute period, indicating fetal well-being.