Nokea
The comprehensive serologic assessment of a patient with Cushings syndrome is likely to produce which constellation of findings?
- A. Low potassium, high glucose, high white blood cell count
- B. High sodium, polycythemia, low BUN
- C. Low sodium, low potassium, high BUN
- D. High sodium, high chloride, high RBCs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. In Cushing's syndrome, there is excess cortisol production leading to sodium retention, potassium loss, and increased protein breakdown. Low sodium and potassium levels along with high BUN are commonly seen in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
A: Low potassium and high glucose are possible findings, but high white blood cell count is not typically associated with Cushing's syndrome.
B: High sodium and polycythemia are not typical findings in Cushing's syndrome, and low BUN is not consistent with the protein breakdown seen in this condition.
D: High sodium and high chloride levels can be seen, but high RBCs are not typically associated with Cushing's syndrome.
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Mother-to-child transmission of TB organisms never occurs during labor.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: TB can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, not just during labor.
Step 2: Mother with active TB can transmit the bacteria to the child during childbirth.
Step 3: Therefore, the statement that mother-to-child transmission never occurs during labor is false.
Summary: Choice B is correct because TB transmission can occur during labor, making Choice A incorrect. Choices C and D are irrelevant.
Which of the following is not a true statement with respect to decision making for a cognitively impaired patient?
- A. Only a court can declare a patient incompetent
- B. Impaired cognition does not make a person incompetent
- C. Living wills typically are honored if a person is terminally ill
- D. A patient can give informed consent if not declared incompetent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because living wills are typically not honored for terminally ill patients with impaired cognition. Firstly, living wills require the patient to be of sound mind to make decisions. Secondly, in the case of a cognitively impaired patient, their ability to express their wishes and understand the implications may be compromised. Therefore, healthcare providers may not be able to honor the living will accurately. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because A) competency can be determined by healthcare professionals, B) impaired cognition can lead to incompetence, and D) informed consent requires the patient to understand the decision-making process.
Outline four (4) causes of obstructed labour:
- A. Fetal macrosomia
- B. Malpresentation
- C. Pelvic abnormalities
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Fetal macrosomia, malpresentation, and pelvic abnormalities are all known causes of obstructed labor. Fetal macrosomia refers to a large baby, which can lead to difficulty in passing through the birth canal. Malpresentation occurs when the baby is not positioned optimally for delivery, such as breech or transverse positions. Pelvic abnormalities, such as a contracted pelvis, can impede the baby's passage during labor. Therefore, selecting option D is appropriate as it encompasses all the major causes of obstructed labor. Choices A, B, and C are not individually comprehensive enough to cover all potential causes of obstructed labor.
What is the role of the placenta in pregnancy?
- A. Produces hormones
- B. Provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus
- C. Removes waste products from the fetus
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the placenta performs multiple crucial roles in pregnancy. Firstly, it produces hormones essential for maintaining the pregnancy. Secondly, it provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus for growth and development. Lastly, it removes waste products from the fetus to ensure a healthy environment. Choices A, B, and C individually do not cover all the functions of the placenta, making them incorrect. Selecting option D acknowledges the comprehensive functions of the placenta during pregnancy.
Incidental antepartum haemorrhage is also referred to as
- A. Intraplacental haemorrhage
- B. Intrapartum haemorrhage
- C. Extraplacental haemorrhage
- D. Preterm haemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Extraplacental haemorrhage. Incidental antepartum haemorrhage refers to bleeding occurring outside the placenta, such as from the cervix or vaginal walls, before the onset of labor. This is not associated with the placenta itself (intraplacental - choice A). Similarly, it does not occur during labor (intrapartum - choice B) or specifically before term (preterm - choice D). Extraplacental haemorrhage captures the essence of bleeding unrelated to the placenta during the antepartum period.