Nokea
The following adverse effects are associated with niacin EXCEPT:
- A. Flushing and itching
- B. Hypercuricemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Pellagra
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pellagra is caused by niacin deficiency, not an adverse effect of niacin therapy.
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Jack, age 8, has attention deficit disorder (ADD) and is prescribed methylphenidate (Ritalin). He and his parents should be educated about the side effects of methylphenidate, which are:
- A. Slurred speech and insomnia
- B. Bradycardia and confusion
- C. Dizziness and orthostatic hypotension
- D. Insomnia and decreased appetite
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insomnia and appetite suppression are common methylphenidate side effects.
A patient presents in the emergency department with a massive overdose of a drug. The most worrisome signs and symptoms include excessive cardiac stimulation (severe tachycardia, palpitations, angina, etc.). The EDphysician orders IV administration a -adrenergic blocker, saying (correctly) it is the only drug likely to normalize cardiac function quickly and save the patient's life. Which of the following was the most likely drug the patient overdosed on?
- A. A second-generation sulfonylurea (e.g., glipizide, glyburide)
- B. Insulin
- C. Levothyroxine
- D. Prednisone (oral glucocorticoid)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levothyroxine overdose causes thyrotoxicosis, leading to cardiac overstimulation treatable with beta-blockers.
What describes the action of the body on the drug?
- A. Pharmacodynamics
- B. Pharmacokinetics
- C. Microbiology
- D. Physiology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, distinct from pharmacodynamics, which is the drug's effect on the body.
All of following drugs are metabolized in body by acetylation except:
- A. INH
- B. Hydralazine
- C. Procainamide
- D. Dilantin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dilantin (phenytoin) is metabolized by hydroxylation, not acetylation.
The clinic nurse is reviewing a teaching plan for the client receiving an antineoplastic medication. When implementing the plan, the nurse tells the client:
- A. To take aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) as needed for headache
- B. Drink beverages containing alcohol in moderate amounts each evening
- C. Consult with health care providers (HCPs) before receiving immunizations
- D. That it is not necessary to consult HCPs before receiving a flu vaccine at the local health fair
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Because antineoplastic medications lower the resistance of the body, clients must be informed not to receive immunizations without a HCP's approval. Clients also need to avoid contact with individuals who have recently received a live virus vaccine. Clients need to avoid aspirin and aspirin-containing products to minimize the risk of bleeding, and they need to avoid alcohol to minimize the risk of toxicity and side effects.