Nokea
The following are examples of acquired heart disease. Select all that apply.
- A. Infective endocarditis
- B. Coarctation of the aorta
- C. Rheumatic fever (RF)
- D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acquired heart diseases include conditions that develop after birth, such as infective endocarditis, rheumatic fever, cardiomyopathy, and Kawasaki disease. Coarctation of the aorta and transposition of the great vessels are congenital heart defects.
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Aspirin has been ordered for the child with rheumatic fever (RF) in order to:
- A. Keep the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open
- B. Reduce joint inflammation
- C. Decrease swelling of strawberry tongue
- D. Treat ventricular hypertrophy of endocarditis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin helps alleviate the joint inflammation and pain experienced in RF.
The nurse is closely monitoring the intake and output of an infant with heart failure who is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse should use which most appropriate method to assess urine output?
- A. Inserting a foley catheter.
- B. Weighing the diapers.
- C. Comparing intake with output.
- D. Measuring the amount of water added to the formula.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weighing diapers is a non-invasive and accurate method to assess urine output in infants, which is crucial for monitoring the effectiveness of diuretic therapy.
A 12-year-old child whose weight and body mass index (BMI) are in the 75th percentile has a diastolic blood pressure that is between the 95th and 99th percentiles for age, sex, and height on three separate occasions. Which test will be prescribed for this child initially?
- A. complete blood count
- B. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- C. urinalysis and electrolytes
- D. renal function
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Since the majority of children with stage 1 or 2 hypertension have renal or renovascular causes for elevated BP, renal function and plasma renin tests should be performed.
The following cranial nerves carry pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves:
- A. Oculomotor nerve
- B. Trigeminal nerve
- C. Facial nerve
- D. Vagus nerve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vagus nerve carries parasympathetic fibers. The oculomotor, trigeminal, and facial nerves do not.
Features that would increase suspicion of cerebral palsy at age 9 months include:
- A. Presence of Moro reflex
- B. Abductor spasm
- C. Hand dominance
- D. Grasp reflex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hand dominance at 9 months is a red flag for cerebral palsy. The persistence of primitive reflexes like the Moro and grasp reflexes can also be indicative.