Nokea
The following are known to be causes of hepatitis except:
- A. virus
- B. toxin
- C. bacteria
- D. chemicals and drugs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, and it can be caused by viruses, toxins, or chemicals and drugs. Bacteria, however, do not typically cause hepatitis. Common viral causes of hepatitis include hepatitis A, B, and C. Toxins like alcohol and certain medications, as well as exposure to chemicals, can also lead to hepatitis. Therefore, bacteria are not considered one of the primary causes of hepatitis.
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A 3-year-old attends her grandfather's funeral. Her parents told her he is in heaven with God. Which statement best describes her understanding of spirituality?
- A. The body is here, and the spirit is in heaven.
- B. He is in heaven. Is this heaven?
- C. She will think that because she can see his body, he must still be here.
- D. He won't need his body in heaven.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Three-year-olds are literal thinkers; if they see a body, they may assume that the person is still present.
25-year old Francisco M., is diagnosed as having myelocytic leukemia and is admitted for chemotherapy. Francisco M.'s laboratory results indicate bone marrow depression. The nurse should encourage him to:
- A. Sleep with the head of the bed slightly
- B. Use a soft toothbrush and electric razor
- C. Drink citrus juices frequently for nourishment
- D. Increase his activity level and ambulates frequently
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct option is B - Use a soft toothbrush and electric razor. When a patient is diagnosed with myelocytic leukemia and has bone marrow depression as indicated by laboratory results, the platelet count is usually low which can lead to increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, it is important for the patient to use a soft toothbrush and electric razor to minimize the risk of injury and bleeding. Hard toothbrushes and sharp razors can cause damage to the gums and skin, leading to bleeding complications. It is essential to take precautions to prevent injury and promote safety for the patient undergoing chemotherapy with bone marrow depression.
A pregnant client with hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmias is admitted to the hospital. Which of the following imbalances should the nurse check for?
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypomagnesemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels) should be checked for in a pregnant client with hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmias because magnesium plays a critical role in maintaining normal cardiac function and blood pressure regulation. It can worsen both hypertension and dysrhythmias if deficient. Hypomagnesemia can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, particularly in the setting of existing cardiovascular conditions. Monitoring and addressing magnesium levels is important in managing these conditions and ensuring maternal and fetal well-being during pregnancy. Checking for hypomagnesemia allows for timely intervention and correction to help prevent any complications.
In assessing clients for pernicious anemia, the nurse should be alert for which of the following risk factors?
- A. Positive family history
- B. Infectious agents or toxins
- C. Acute or chronic blood loss
- D. Inadequate dietary intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pernicious anemia is primarily caused by the body's inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor produced by the stomach. However, chronic blood loss can also lead to anemia by depleting the body's iron stores necessary for the production of healthy red blood cells. Acute blood loss can quickly lower the hemoglobin levels in the blood, while chronic blood loss can lead to iron-deficiency anemia over time. Therefore, in assessing clients for pernicious anemia, the nurse should be alert for the risk factor of acute or chronic blood loss as a potential cause of anemia.
The nurse is talking to the parents of a child with pediculosis capitis. Which should the nurse include when explaining how to manage pediculosis capitis?
- A. "You will need to cut the hair shorter if infestation and nits are severe."
- B. "You can distinguish viable from nonviable nits, and remove all viable ones."
- C. "You can wash all nits out of hair with a regular shampoo."
- D. "You will need to remove nits with an extra-fine-tooth comb or tweezers."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should include in the explanation that in managing pediculosis capitis, it is necessary to remove nits with an extra-fine-tooth comb or tweezers since nits are attached to the hair shaft and can be difficult to wash out with regular shampoo. Removing the nits is crucial to prevent reinfestation, as they can hatch and start the cycle again. Cutting the hair shorter is not necessary unless the infestation is severe. It is important to distinguish viable (live) nits from nonviable (dead) ones and remove only the viable ones as the nonviable ones do not pose a threat of reinfestation.