Nokea
The following are transmitted as autosomal dominant traits:
- A. Congenital spherocytosis
- B. Vitamin D-resistant rickets
- C. CAH
- D. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is an autosomal dominant disorder. Congenital spherocytosis and Vitamin D-resistant rickets can also be autosomal dominant, but CAH (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia) is typically autosomal recessive.
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A client who took a camping vacation two weeks ago in a county with a tropical climate comes to the clinic describing vague symptoms and diarrhea for the past week. Which finding is most important for the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
- A. Weakness and fatigue
- B. Intestinal cramping
- C. Weight loss
- D. Jaundiced sclera
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Jaundiced sclera indicates possible liver involvement, which could be due to a tropical disease such as hepatitis or leptospirosis.
A nurse is caring for a child with Down syndrome. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. I will make sure my child has regular hearing screenings.
- B. I will encourage my child to be active and participate in play.
- C. I should monitor my child's thyroid function regularly.
- D. I should avoid giving my child a multivitamin supplement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children with Down syndrome may benefit from a multivitamin supplement, especially if they are at risk for nutritional deficiencies.
Which physiological changes occur as a result of hypoxemia in congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- A. Polycythemia and clubbing
- B. Anemia and barrel chest
- C. Increased white blood cells and low platelets
- D. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and peripheral edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoxemia stimulates erythropoiesis, causing polycythemia, which along with chronic hypoxemia can lead to digital clubbing.
Which therapeutic management should the nurse expect to implement for a child with rheumatic fever?
- A. Administering penicillin
- B. Avoiding salicylates (aspirin)
- C. Imposing strict bed rest for 4 to 6 weeks
- D. Administering corticosteroids if chorea develops
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The goal of medical management is the eradication of the hemolytic streptococci. Penicillin is the drug of choice. Salicylates can be used to control the inflammatory process, especially in the joints, and reduce the fever and discomfort. Bed rest is recommended for the acute febrile stage, but it does not need to be strict. The chorea is transient and will resolve without treatment.
A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. Which of the following is a common complication of this disease?
- A. Pulmonary hypertension
- B. Aneurysms of the coronary arteries
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Ventricular arrhythmias
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aneurysms of the coronary arteries are a common and serious complication of Kawasaki disease.