Nokea
The following drugs are correctly paired with a clinical use EXCEPT:
- A. Tiludronate to treat Paget's disease of bone
- B. Raloxifene to prevent osteoporosis
- C. Picamycin to treat hypercalcemia
- D. Parathyroid hormone treats hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone treats osteoporosis, not hypocalcemia; calcitonin or bisphosphonates treat hypocalcemia.
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Aminoglycosides lack activity against streptococci.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aminoglycosides are effective against some streptococci (e.g., when combined with cell wall-active agents), though they are primarily used for gram-negative bacteria.
Isoniazid (INH) may induce a deficiency of which vitamin?
- A. B6
- B. C
- C. D
- D. E
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isoniazid interferes with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) metabolism, increasing deficiency risk.
When involved in phase III drug evaluation studies, what responsibilities would the nurse have?
- A. Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
- B. Choosing appropriate patients to be involved in the drug study
- C. Monitoring and observing patients closely for adverse effects
- D. Conducting research to determine effectiveness of the drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population in which patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but would not conduct research independently because nurses do not prescribe medications. Use of animals in drug testing is done in the preclinical trials. Select patients who are involved in phase II studies to participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug action and adverse effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity.
James tells you that he is confused by his Medicare Part D coverage plan. An appropriate intervention would be:
- A. Order cognitive testing to determine the source of his confusion.
- B. Sit down with him and explain the whole Medicare Part D process.
- C. Refer him to the Medicare specialist in his insurance plan to explain the benefit to him.
- D. Request his son come to the next appointment so you can explain the benefit to him.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Referring to a specialist ensures accurate explanation of Medicare Part D.
During which phase of pharmacokinetics could a significant drug-drug interaction occur, resulting in one drug stimulating or blocking the metabolism of the other drug?
- A. Absorption
- B. Distribution
- C. Biotransformation
- D. Excretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During biotransformation, a drug may be metabolized quicker if taken at the same time as another drug, and higher doses of the drug will be needed to achieve the desired effect. During absorption, one drug can prevent or accelerate absorption of the other drug. During distribution, one drug competes for the protein-binding site of another drug so the second drug cannot be transported to the reactive tissue. During excretion, one drug competes for excretion with the other drug, leading to accumulation and toxic effects of one of the drugs.