Nokea
The following drugs are excreted in the bile except:
- A. Erythromycin
- B. Novobiocin
- C. Chloramphenicol
- D. Rifampicin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chloramphenicol is primarily excreted via the kidneys, not bile.
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When melatonin is used to induce sleep, the recommendation is that the patient:
- A. Take 10 mg 30 minutes before bed nightly
- B. Take 1 to 5 mg 30 minutes before bed nightly
- C. Not take melatonin more than three nights a week
- D. Combine melatonin with zolpidem (Ambien) for the greatest impact on sleep
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 1-5 mg of melatonin 30 minutes before bed is the recommended dose for sleep induction.
A nurse in a provider's office is monitoring serum electrolytes for four older adult clients who take digoxin. Which of the following electrolyte values increases a client's risk for Digoxin toxicity?
- A. Calcium 9.2 mg/dL
- B. Calcium 10.3 mg/dL
- C. Potassium 3.4 mEq/L
- D. Potassium 4.8 mEq/
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypokalemia (3.4 mEq/L, C) increases digoxin toxicity risk by enhancing its effects.
While studying for the test, the nursing student encounters the following drug: papaverine (Pavabid). What does the nursing student identify the name Pavabid as?
- A. The generic name
- B. The chemical name
- C. The brand name
- D. The chemical and generic name
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Several clues indicate the brand name including capitalization of the first letter in the name and in parentheses. Generic names are not capitalized; chemical names are descriptions of the chemistry of the medication resulting in complicated names.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Lithium Carbonate. When teaching the client about ways to prevent Lithium toxicity, the nurse should advise the client to do which of the following?
- A. Avoid the use of acetaminophen for headaches.
- B. Restrict intake of foods rich in sodium.
- C. Decrease fluid intake to less than 1,500 mL daily
- D. Limit aerobic activity in hot weather
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Limiting activity in hot weather prevents dehydration, which increases lithium levels and risk of toxicity.
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol) is a common OTC remedy for gastrointestinal complaints. Bismuth subsalicylate:
- A. May lead to toxicity if taken with aspirin
- B. Is contraindicated in children with flu-like illness
- C. Has antimicrobial effects against bacterial and viral enteropathogens
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All apply: bismuth with aspirin risks salicylate toxicity , is contraindicated in kids with flu (B, Reye's syndrome), and has antimicrobial action .