Nokea
The following drugs may precipitate angina pectoris EXCEPT:
- A. Amphetamine
- B. Hydralazine
- C. Isoproterenol
- D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Propranolol, a beta-blocker, relieves angina, unlike the others which increase cardiac demand.
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A primary health care provider orders a transdermal drug. When administering this drug, which action by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Apply next dose to a new site.
- B. Check the infusion rate.
- C. Inject only the inner part of the forearm.
- D. Give small volumes of doses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An important nursing intervention when administrating drugs through the transdermal route is to apply the next dose to a new site. It is important to check the infusion rate every 15 to 30 minutes in patients using infusion controllers or infusion pumps. When using the intradermal route, the inner part of the forearm should be used as the injection site and small volumes of doses should be administered.
Irreversible interaction of an antagonist with a receptor is due to:
- A. Ionic bonds
- B. Hydrogen bonds
- C. Covalent bonds
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Irreversible antagonism typically involves covalent bonding, making it permanent.
Osteoporosis is a major adverse effect caused by the glucocorticoids. It is due to their ability to:
- A. Increase the excretion of calcium
- B. Inhibit absorption of calcium
- C. Stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
- D. Decrease production of prostaglandins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit calcium absorption in the gut, contributing to osteoporosis.
Which of the following routes have the highest bioavailability?
- A. Oral
- B. IM
- C. IV
- D. SC
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intravenous (IV) administration delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring 100% bioavailability, unlike oral (first-pass effect) or IM/SC (slower absorption).
Scott's seizures are well controlled on topiramate and he wants to start playing baseball. Education for Scott regarding his topiramate includes:
- A. He should not play sports due to the risk of increased seizures
- B. He should monitor his temperature and ability to sweat in the heat while playing
- C. Reminding him that he may need higher dosages of topiramate when exercising
- D. Encouraging him to use sunscreen due to photosensitivity from topiramate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topiramate can impair sweating, increasing heat-related risks during sports.