Which of the following drug has the ability to produce hypogliceic effect via closure of ATP-sensitive channels
- A. Glipizide
- B. Metformin
- C. Acarbose
- D. Pramlintide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glipizide, a sulfonylurea, closes ATP-sensitive K+ channels, stimulating insulin release.
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The processes involved in dynamic equilibrium are key elements in the nurse's ability to determine what?
- A. Dosage scheduling
- B. Amount of solution for mixing parenteral drugs
- C. Timing of other drugs the patient is taking
- D. How long the patient has to take the drug
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These processes are key elements in determining the amount of drug (dose) and the frequency of dose repetition (scheduling) required to achieve the critical concentration for the desired length of time. The processes in dynamic equilibrium are not key elements in determining the amount of diluents for intramuscular (IM) drugs; they do not aid in the timing of the other drugs the patient is taking or how long the patient has to take the drug.
Indirect costs associated with drug therapy include:
- A. The cost of diagnostic tests to monitor therapeutic levels
- B. Health-care provider time to prescribe and educate the patient
- C. Child-care expenses incurred while receiving therapy
- D. Loss of wages while undergoing drug therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Indirect costs include societal impacts like lost wages due to treatment.
The nurse administers a prescribed medication that is supplied as an enteric-coated tablet. The patient asks the nurse about this form of tablet. When describing how this tablet is absorbed, which response by the nurse would be most accurate?
- A. The medication dissolves directly from the stomach into the body.'
- B. The drug breaks up into pieces as it moves through the stomach.'
- C. The medication bypasses the GI tract and goes quickly into the bloodstream.'
- D. The drug dissolves into fragments after it reaches your small intestine.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enteric-coated tablets disintegrate or fragment after reaching the alkaline medium of the small intestine. Tablets and capsules break up into small particles and dissolve into body fluids in the gastrointestinal tract. Liquids and parenteral drugs are quickly absorbed into the body system.
The following drugs may precipitate angina pectoris EXCEPT:
- A. Amphetamine
- B. Hydralazine
- C. Isoproterenol
- D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Propranolol, a beta-blocker, relieves angina, unlike the others which increase cardiac demand.
In today's health care environment there is often more contact between the patient and the nurse than between the patient and the physician. How does this increased patient contact impact drug therapy?
- A. Choosing the best medication to treat the patient's condition
- B. Assessing the patient's preferred communication strategies
- C. Assessing the therapeutic success of the drug therapy
- D. Reducing dosage quickly when adverse effects arise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: More contact allows nurses to assess therapy success through observation and patient feedback.