Nokea
Which of the following routes have the highest bioavailability?
- A. Oral
- B. IM
- C. IV
- D. SC
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intravenous (IV) administration delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring 100% bioavailability, unlike oral (first-pass effect) or IM/SC (slower absorption).
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Potentially fatal granulocytopenia has been associated with treatment of hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil. Patients should be taught to report:
- A. Tinnitus and decreased salivation
- B. Fever and sore throat
- C. Hypocalcemia and osteoporosis
- D. Laryngeal edema and difficulty swallowing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever and sore throat signal granulocytopenia with propylthiouracil; other symptoms are unrelated.
A nurse is teaching a client about preventing Otitis Externa. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Clean the ear with a cotton-tipped swab daily
- B. Place earplugs in the ears when sleeping at night.
- C. Use a cool water irrigation solution to remove earwax.
- D. Tip the head to the side to remove water from the ears after showering
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tipping the head removes water, preventing moisture that promotes otitis externa.
Osteoporosis is a major adverse effect caused by the glucocorticoids. It is due to their ability to:
- A. Increase the excretion of calcium
- B. Inhibit absorption of calcium
- C. Stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
- D. Decrease production of prostaglandins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit calcium absorption in the gut, contributing to osteoporosis.
A nurse is assisting with caring for a client with cancer who is receiving cisplatin. Select the adverse effects that the nurse monitors for that are associated with this medication. (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Tinnitus
- B. Ototoxicity
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cisplatin is an alkylating medication. Alkylating medications are cell cycle phase-nonspecific medications that affect the synthesis of DNA by causing the cross-linking of DNA to inhibit cell reproduction. Cisplatin may cause ototoxicity, tinnitus, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and nephrotoxicity. Amifostine (Ethyol) may be administered before cisplatin to reduce the potential for renal toxicity. Correct answers include: 1 (Tinnitus), 2 (Ototoxicity), 5 (Nephrotoxicity), 6 (Hypomagnesemia).
Antiemitic used to prevent aspiration in emergency surgery
- A. Ondansetrone
- B. Promethazine
- C. Metoclopromide
- D. Ranitidine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Promethazine (antihistamine) prevents aspiration with sedative effects.