Nokea
The following factors trigger renin secretion:
- A. Hyponatremia
- B. ACTH
- C. Hypovolemia
- D. ADH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypovolemia: Renin is secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood volume (hypovolemia), initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to conserve sodium and increase blood pressure.
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Functional causes of opening Snap (either due to swift opening of AV valve or due to excess flow across the valve) is seen in all, except
- A. Mitral regurgitation
- B. Ventricular septal defect
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. First degree AV block
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: First degree AV block is not typically associated with an opening snap.
A male client with a history of asthma reports having episodes of bronchoconstriction and increased mucous production while exercising. Which action should the nurse implement?
- A. Determine if the client is using an inhaler before exercising
- B. Advise the client to avoid all physical activity
- C. Encourage the client to increase fluid intake before exercise
- D. Recommend the client wear a mask while exercising
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using an inhaler before exercise can help manage asthma symptoms by preventing bronchoconstriction during physical activity.
The following statements regarding retinoblastoma are correct:
- A. It is usually fatal even if diagnosis is made early
- B. The tumour is heritable
- C. They may occur bilaterally
- D. The finding of leucorrhoea suggests the diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Retinoblastoma is heritable and can occur bilaterally. Early diagnosis improves prognosis, and leucorrhoea is not associated with retinoblastoma.
The following features are more suggestive of biliary atresia rather than neonatal hepatitis in an infant 6 weeks of age:
- A. Hepatomegaly
- B. Prolonged INR (prothrombin time)
- C. Biopsy specimen showed proliferation of bile ductules, periportal fibrosis and bile lakes
- D. HillA scan reveals delayed uptake and excretion of the contrast material
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proliferation of bile ductules, periportal fibrosis, and bile lakes on biopsy are hallmark features of biliary atresia.
A male client with muscular dystrophy fell in his home and is admitted with a right hip fracture. His right foot is cool, with palpable pedal pulses. Lungs are coarse with diminished bibasilar breath sounds. Vital signs are temperature 101F, heart rate 128 beats/minute, respirations 28 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 122/82. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement first?
- A. Obtain oxygen saturation level
- B. Encourage incentive spirometry
- C. Assess lower extremity circulation
- D. Administer PRN oral antipyretic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Administering an antipyretic addresses the fever, which is a priority in this client to prevent further complications.