Nokea
The following statements are true:
- A. Unexplained vaginal discharge in a 3-year-old might be a sign of sexual abuse
- B. Spiral fracture of femur is always non-accidental
- C. Retinal bleeding in a 3-month-old unconscious baby is a sign of 'shaken baby' syndrome
- D. Bruises on the elbows and knees in a 4-year-old are suggestive of physical abuse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Retinal bleeding in a 3-month-old unconscious baby is a sign of 'shaken baby' syndrome: Retinal bleeding in infants, especially with other signs of physical abuse, is a key indicator of 'shaken baby' syndrome.
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Which of the following is correct in breast milk jaundice?
- A. Peaks at first week of life
- B. Recurs with resumption of breast milk after trial stoppage
- C. Kernicterus can occur
- D. Seen in up to 10% of infants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast milk jaundice recurs when breastfeeding is resumed after a temporary stoppage.
Regarding ECG in infancy
- A. T Wave inversion present
- B. PR interval is < 0.16 s
- C. P wave is < 3mm tall
- D. QRS represent ventricular depolarization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In infants, the PR interval is shorter than in adults (< 0.16 seconds).
In bronchopulmonary dysplasia:
- A. Lung compliance is increased
- B. Bronchial reactivity is increased
- C. Lung function typically improves with age
- D. Hyperinflation is an associated finding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperinflation is a common finding in bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to lung damage and the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation.
The nurse is assessing a client who has tinea pedis. Which question will allow the nurse to gather further information about this condition?
- A. Do you see any improvement when using tolnaftate?
- B. Have you been avoiding wearing tight-fitting shoes?
- C. Are you experiencing pain or itching in your feet?
- D. How often do you wash your feet and change socks?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tolnaftate is an antifungal medication. Asking about its effectiveness helps assess the client's treatment response and adherence.
Regarding a supracristal VSD, the following are true EXCEPT
- A. incidence is higher in Asian children
- B. complicated by aortic insufficiency in 50-90% of patients
- C. aortic insufficiency is most often not recognized until late in the lst decade of life
- D. murmur of a supracristal VSD is usually heard at the mid to upper left sternal border
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Closure of asymptomatic supracristal VSDs at the time of diagnosis is not recommended.