Nokea
The following strategies can be used to help patients overcome the barriers and challenges faced in insulin therapy EXCEPT:
- A. Engage the patient in shared decision making
- B. Threaten the patient into adherence with insulin therapy
- C. Provide close supervision and follow-up when the patient is newly initiated on insulin therapy
- D. Offer measures to reduce weight gain through lifestyle and dietary advice, concomitant use of insulin with metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLPIRA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin's hurdles yield to shared decisions, close watch, weight tricks, and goal setting empowering, not bullying. Threats tank trust and adherence, backfiring in chronic care where buy-in's king. Support beats scare tactics, aligning with diabetes' need for partnership, a strategy flop amid solid aids.
You may also like to solve these questions
The New York Heart Association functional class has four grades and is used to assess severity of CHF and impact on QOL. Class III is described as:
- A. Slight impairment of physical activity: comfortable at rest but ordinary activity results in fatigue and palpitations
- B. Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort: symptoms of CHF are present even at rest with increased discomfort with any physical activity
- C. No limitation: ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, dyspnoea or palpitations
- D. Marked limitation of physical activity: comfortable at rest but less than ordinary activity results in symptoms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NYHA Class III big limits; rest's fine, but small moves spark symptoms, a QOL hit. Slight's I; none's 0; all-out's IV. Nurses gauge this, a chronic heart's midway bind.
Spirometry is used to determine the severity of COPD and to monitor disease progression. This test measures
- A. The ratio of volume of air the patient can forcibly exhale in 1 second and forced vital capacity.
- B. The ratio of residual volume when patient has fully exhaled and forced vital capacity.
- C. The ratio of forced vital capacity and volume of air the patient can forcibly exhale in 6 seconds.
- D. The ratio of respiratory effort and respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spirometry is the gold standard for COPD diagnosis and staging, measuring airflow obstruction. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVâ‚) to forced vital capacity (FVC) FEVâ‚/FVC quantifies limitation; a value <0.7 post-bronchodilator confirms COPD, with FEVâ‚ percentage grading severity (e.g., GOLD stages). Residual volume (RV) to FVC isn't standard in basic spirometry RV requires advanced testing (e.g., plethysmography) and reflects air trapping, not routine staging. FVC versus a 6-second exhale (FEV₆) approximates in some settings but isn't the clinical norm for COPD. Respiratory effort and rate aren't spirometric; they're observational. FEVâ‚/FVC's precision, per Deravin and Anderson (2019), tracks obstruction progression and guides therapy, making it foundational for assessing COPD's irreversible nature.
After percutaneous cervical cordotomy:
- A. Ptosis and miosis occur on same side as the thermal lesion.
- B. Temporary reduced power in the arm or leg occur on the same side as the thermal lesion.
- C. Patients are likely to stay in hospital until retitration of opioid medication is complete.
- D. Immediately after successful cervical cordotomy, the pretreatment dose of opioid is likely to be reduced by 10%.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-percutaneous cervical cordotomy (PCC), outcomes relate to its C1-C2 approach. Ptosis and miosis (Horner's syndrome) occur ipsilateral to the lesion from sympathetic chain disruption common but often transient. Weakness, if any, affects the contralateral side due to corticospinal tract proximity, not ipsilateral, and is rare with modern precision. Hospital stay varies; opioid retitration may occur outpatient unless complications arise. Successful PCC reduces opioid needs by >50% often, not just 10%, due to effective pain relief. Neuropathic pain can emerge from tract damage. Horner's syndrome's ipsilateral presentation is a hallmark, reflecting local anatomy and PCC's occasional sympathetic impact, typically self-limiting.
Which is not an AIDS defining illness?
- A. oesophageal candidiasis
- B. Herpes Zoster
- C. CD4 count <200 cells/microL
- D. Pulmonary TB
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herpes zoster's no AIDS marker just shingles, common even sans HIV collapse. Oesophageal thrush, PCP, TB scream opportunists; CD4's a lab line, not illness. Nurses flag true definers chronic crash signs not this skin flare anyone catches.
Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for chronic illness?
- A. Cannot be changed
- B. Requires intervention in order to change
- C. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
- D. Can be changed with client perseverance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonmodifiable risk factors age, genes stay put, no tweak possible, a chronic base nurses work around. Intervention, alteration, or grit shift smoking or weight, not these locks. Knowing what's fixed guides focus elsewhere, a bedrock truth in illness planning.