Nokea
The following words all end in the same suffix, -ism: polytheism, communism, nationalism. Considering the meaning of these three words, which of the following best correlates to the meaning of the suffix?
- A. A doctrine
- B. A condition
- C. A characteristic
- D. A state of being
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'A doctrine.' The suffix -ism is commonly used to denote a system, doctrine, or belief. Words like polytheism, communism, and nationalism all represent specific doctrines or systems of belief. Therefore, the suffix -ism in these contexts indicates a particular set of ideas or principles. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because -ism does not typically refer to a condition, characteristic, or state of being, but rather to a specific ideology, doctrine, or belief system.
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Which of the following suffixes is NOT commonly used to form a noun from some other part of speech?
- A. -ation
- B. -ness
- C. -ity
- D. -ize
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The suffix '-ize' is used to form verbs by converting nouns or adjectives into verbs. For example, 'real' can become 'realize' or 'modern' can become 'modernize.' On the other hand, the suffixes '-ation,' '-ness,' and '-ity' are commonly used to form nouns. '-ation' is often used to form nouns from verbs (e.g., 'celebrate' to 'celebration'), '-ness' is used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (e.g., 'kind' to 'kindness'), and '-ity' is used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (e.g., 'happy' to 'happiness'). Therefore, the correct answer is 'D' because '-ize' is not commonly used to form a noun from some other part of speech.
Which of the following sentences is the most correct in terms of style, clarity, and punctuation?
- A. The possible side effects of the medication that the doctor had prescribed for her were a concern for Lucinda, and she continued to take the medication.
- B. The medication that the doctor prescribed had side effects concerning Lucinda, who continued to take it.
- C. Lucinda was concerned about side effects from the medication that her doctor had prescribed, so she continued to take it.
- D. Although Lucinda was concerned about the possible side effects, she continued to take the medication that her doctor had prescribed for her.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is the most appropriate sentence in terms of style, clarity, and punctuation. It maintains parallel structure in the sentence by using 'Although Lucinda was concerned about the possible side effects, she continued to take the medication that her doctor had prescribed for her.' This choice effectively conveys the cause and effect relationship between Lucinda's concern about side effects and her decision to continue taking the medication. Choices A, B, and C have issues with subject-verb agreement, awkward phrasing, or lack of clarity in expressing the relationship between Lucinda's concern and her action, making them less correct compared to Choice D.
Which of the following choices contains an error in verb tense?
- A. She said that she would finish the report yesterday.
- B. We went to the store last week.
- C. They had seen the movie before it was released.
- D. The dogs will play outside when we arrive.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is choice A, 'She said that she would finish the report yesterday.' This sentence contains a verb tense error. The reported speech 'She said' requires the verb 'would' to maintain the past tense. Choices B and D are correct as they use the appropriate verb tenses 'went' and 'will play.' Choice C is also correct as it uses 'was released' to match the past perfect tense 'had seen.'
What is the function of a colon when used to introduce a list?
- A. A colon joins two related sentences.
- B. A colon sets off direct quotes longer than five words.
- C. A colon introduces a list or explanation after a complete sentence.
- D. A colon separates clauses in a compound sentence.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a colon is used to introduce a list, it is placed after a complete sentence and serves to signal that what follows will be a list or an explanation related to the preceding sentence. Choice A is incorrect because a colon doesn't join two related sentences; it introduces what follows after a complete sentence. Choice B is incorrect as a colon is not used to set off direct quotes longer than five words; quotation marks are used for that purpose. Choice D is incorrect because a colon does not separate clauses in a compound sentence; it is used to introduce a list or explanation after a complete sentence.
Which of the following sentences correctly uses commas to set off a non-essential element?
- A. The teacher, who lives next door, will visit our class next week.
- B. The teacher who lives next door will visit our class next week.
- C. The teacher, who, by the way, lives next door, will visit our class next week.
- D. The teacher will visit our class next week, who lives next door.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In this sentence, the phrase 'who lives next door' is a non-essential element providing additional information about the teacher. It is correctly set off by commas. Choice B does not use any commas to set off the non-essential element, making the information essential to the sentence. Choice C uses an unnecessary comma before 'who,' which disrupts the flow of the sentence. Choice D incorrectly places the non-essential element at the end of the sentence without appropriate commas, making it less clear and concise.